Molecular Identification of Phytoplasmas Infecting Diseased Pine Trees in the UNESCO-Protected Curonian Spit  of Lithuania

Valiunas, D.; Jomantienė, R.; Ivanauskas, Algirdas; Urbonaite, I.; Šneideris, Donatas; Davis, Robert E.

doi:10.3390/f6072469

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The presence of C. P. pini was detected in all analyzed samples, which supports the wide distribution of this infection at the forest scale as described in some previous studies [41]. However, visual tree decline signs related to phytoplasma compatible symptomatology were only observed in some stands.…”

Section: Phytoplasma Infection and Induced Defense Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 90%

Forest Decline Triggered by Phloem Parasitism-Related Biotic Factors in Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis)

Morcillo

Gallego

González³

et al. 2019

Forests

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Climate models predict increasing mean temperatures and reduced precipitation for Mediterranean ecosystems already subjected to major hydrological fluctuations. Forest decline phenomena relate extreme droughts or heat waves with other organisms, e.g., insects or microorganisms acting as pests, but their role needs to be elucidated. A biotic factor responsible for forest diseases is Candidatus Phytoplasma pini which is a phloem-parasitism that negatively affects Spanish pine forests in drought-prone areas. In several healthy and declining Aleppo pine stands, we monitored pine infection by PCR (Polimerase Chain Reation), determined the tree phloem tissue terpene composition, carbohydrate content, measured several relevant morpho-physiological variables and examined trees affected by bark beetles. PCR confirmed C. P. pini infection was widespread in all stands, regardless of to the presence of symptomatically affected trees. However, visible symptomatic decline only occurred in trees living under more stressful conditions. The terpene composition of pines in declining stands differed from those in healthy ones, and could be related with bark beetle attacks when pines were previously weakened by the phytoplasma disease. Our results indicate that biotic factors, such as C. P. pini, affecting phloem tissue may be triggering factors for drought-mediated forest decline and suggest that phloem diseases can play a key role in forest declining processes during extreme drought.

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Section: Phytoplasma Infection and Induced Defense Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 90%

Forest Decline Triggered by Phloem Parasitism-Related Biotic Factors in Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis)

Morcillo

Gallego

González³

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…In adition, results of the phylogenetic trees on secA , tuf, and imp gene sequences and the tree of the four combined genes revealed that Crotalaria witches’ broom phytoplasma ( C. aegyptiaca isolates and Orosius sp. Leafhoppers isolates) from Oman is a new phytoplasma, having closer relationships to the phytoplasmas associated with primula blue yellow disease (16SrII-C) than the Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ (16SrII-B) [ 8 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of a new phytoplasmas subgroup 16SrII-W associated with Crotalaria witches’ broom diseases in Oman based on multigene sequence analysis

et al. 2017

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Background Crotalaria aegyptiaca, a low shrub is commonly observed in the sandy soils of wadis desert and is found throughout all regions in Oman. A survey for phytoplasma diseases was conducted. During a survey in a wild area in the northern regions of Oman in 2015, typical symptoms of phytoplasma infection were observed on C. aegyptiaca plants. The infected plants showed an excessive proliferation of their shoots and small leaves.ResultsThe presence of phytoplasma in the phloem tissue of symptomatic C. aegyptiaca leaf samples was confirmed by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In addition the extracted DNA from symptomatic C. aegyptiaca leaf samples and Orosius sp. leafhoppers were tested by PCR using phytoplasma specific primers for the 16S rDNA, secA, tuf and imp, and SAP11 genes. The PCR amplifications from all samples yielded the expected products, but not from asymptomatic plant samples. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic tree analyses of four genes (16S rDNA, secA, tuf and imp) showed that Crotalaria witches’ broom phytoplasmas from Oman is placed with the clade of Peanut WB (16SrII) close to Fava bean phyllody (16SrII-C), Cotton phyllody and phytoplasmas (16SrII-F), and Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ (16SrII-B). However, the Crotalaria’s phytoplasma was in a separate sub-clade from all the other phytoplasmas belonging to Peanut WB group. The combination of specific primers for the SAP11 gene of 16SrII-A, −B, and -D subgroup pytoplasmas were tested against Crotalaria witches’ broom phytoplasmas and no PCR product was amplified, which suggests that the SAP11 of Crotalaria phytoplasma is different from the SAP11 of the other phytoplasmas.ConclusionWe propose to assign the Crotalaria witches’ broom from Oman in a new lineage 16SrII-W subgroup depending on the sequences analysis of 16S rRNA, secA, imp, tuf, and SAP11 genes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasmas of the 16SrII group infecting C. aegyptiaca worldwide.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-017-1130-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Analysis based on the sec A and rp genes suggest that there is a diversity among the CILY phytoplasma strains infecting coconut palms in Grand‐Lahou. Assays based on the sec A gene have been successfully used to detect phytoplasmas associated with diseases in Poaceae (Bekele et al, ) and recently in pine trees in Lithuania (Valiunas et al, ). It has been also crucial in distinguishing phytoplasmas of group 16SrIV (LY) in palms (Ntushelo et al, ), and also for the detection and identification of the CSPWD phytoplasma in Ghana (Yankey et al, ), and ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and differentiation of the coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasma in coconut‐growing villages of Grand‐Lahou, Côte d'Ivoire

Rosete¹,

Diallo

Konan

et al. 2017

Annals of Applied Biology

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Surveys for the Côte d'Ivoire lethal yellowing (CILY) phytoplasma were conducted in eight severely CILY-affected villages of Grand-Lahou in 2015. Leaves, inflorescences and trunk borings were collected from coconut palms showing CILY symptoms and from symptomless trees. Total DNA was extracted from these samples and tested by nested polymerase chain reaction/RFLP and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein (rp) and the translocation protein (secA) genes. The CILY phytoplasma was detected in 82.9% of the symptom-bearing palms collected from all the surveyed villages and from all the plant parts. Trunk borings were recommended as the most suitable plant tissue type for sampling. Results indicate that the CILY phytoplasma may have a westward spread to other coconut-growing areas of Grand-Lahou. CILY phytoplasma strains infecting coconut palms in the western region of Grand-Lahou exhibited unique single nucleotide polymorphisms on the rp sequence compared to the strains from the eastern region. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms on the SecA sequence distinguished the CILY phytoplasma from the Cape St. Paul Wilt Disease phytoplasma in Ghana, and the Lethal Yellowing phytoplasma in Mozambique. (Résumé d'auteur

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Molecular Identification of Phytoplasmas Infecting Diseased Pine Trees in the UNESCO-Protected Curonian Spit of Lithuania

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Forest Decline Triggered by Phloem Parasitism-Related Biotic Factors in Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis)

Forest Decline Triggered by Phloem Parasitism-Related Biotic Factors in Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis)

Classification of a new phytoplasmas subgroup 16SrII-W associated with Crotalaria witches’ broom diseases in Oman based on multigene sequence analysis

Detection and differentiation of the coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasma in coconut‐growing villages of Grand‐Lahou, Côte d'Ivoire

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