Molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from the tuber of Dahlia variabilis and exploration of their ability in producing ß-galactosidase

Abstract

Abstract. Astiani D, Mujiman, Rafiastanto A. 2017. Forest type diversity on carbon stocks: Cases of recent land cover conditions of tropical lowland, swamp, and peatland forests in West Kalimantan,. Tropical forests constitute for a large concentrated carbon pools, ultimately in tropical peatland forest since this forest type sink carbon both in the vegetation and its underlying peat. However, these forests recently experienced a lot of pressures from anthropogenic disturbances. A study was conducted to estimate carbon stocks of degraded tropical lowland, swamp, and peatland forests in Kayong Utara West Kalimantan. Above ground survey was conducted using stratified sampling based on the differences in spectra of Landsat 7 ETM+ according to the land cover gradation or vegetation formations. The study area was classified based on the canopy closures and forest/landcover types and grouped into low and high degraded lowland forest, low and high degraded peat forest, low and high degraded swamp forest, shrub land, and mixed agricultural land. Aboveground carbon stocks in each group was estimated by purposively assessing all carbon sources within 5-11 plots of 20 m x 100 m area. Belowground carbon was also measured on peatland. Results show that among the groups, the highest to the lowest order of aboveground carbon sink consecutively were low degraded swamp, low degraded lowland, low degraded peatland, high degraded swamp, high degraded peatland, high degraded lowland forests, mixed agricultural land, and shrub land (269.1 to 46.3 ton C/ha) plus other biomass sources recruited from belowground roots. It is demonstrated that forest degradation and land cover changes reduce amount of above ground carbon stocks and thus could result large amount of carbon loss from forests. Surprisingly, our results demonstrated that 0.5-5.2 m belowground carbon in peatland contribute to large amount of carbon Each meter depth of those fibrist to hemist peat sinked ~634 ton C/ha. It is estimated that the 22,600 ha area of overall forest types/ land covers sink ~2.5 million of aboveground and ~5,570 ha peatland area hold ~9.2 million of below ground carbon. This amount of carbon is potential sink of carbon yet could be a huge losses if peatland forest and land cover changes continued.

Short Communication: Carbon sequestration by young Rhizophora apiculata plants in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…This is because, all over the globe including Indonesia, destruction of mangrove ecosystems is taking place in a large scale due to various reasons such as developing of shrimp ponds, felling of mangrove forests, environmental pollution, reclamation and sedimentation, mining, natural causes such as hurricanes/tsunami and others. Forest degradation or destruction has significant impact on in situ forest dynamics, such as trees growth and mortality (Astiani 2016), which also affects its potential on carbon storage and sequestration (Astiani et al 2017).…”

Tree species distribution in tropical peatland forest along peat depth gradients: Baseline notes for peatland restoration

“…Tropical peatlands provide significant contributions to environmental functions and human life. Peatland forest supports regional and global biodiversity (Yu et al 2010), it supports large diversity of plants (Astiani 2016) and wildlife, some are endemic, rare, and endangered, especially birds, fish, mammals, and reptiles, and one of the most valuable habitats for the last remaining large populations of orangutan (Felton et al 2003;Morogh-Bernard et al 2014;Roucoux et al 2017); store the most carbon (both above and below ground) per area among all forest ecosystems worldwide, thus have an important role in global carbon cycle (Limpen et al 2008;Page et al 2009;Astiani et al 2017); important water catchment that provides drinking water and irrigations; act as buffer of salty water; and provide paleo-records of geochemical environmental information (Dommain et al 2010;Chu et al 2020). For local communities, forest provides resources such as fuel timber, wood barks, fruits, resins, medicines, aromatherapy, fuelwood, non-woody plant resources for food and agriculture, wildlife resources, horticultural resources, and energy resources (Posa et al 2011;Astiani and Ripin 2016).…”

“…The alteration in this ecosystem have resulted unbalanced natural systems and functions. Peatland degradation, edge effect, drainage ditches shift species composition on tropical peatland of West Kalimantan (Astiani 2016;Astiani et al 2017;2018a). The composition of natural vegetation helps us to understand the composition and diversity of each zone.…”

Soil characteristics and CO2 emissions of ex-burnt peatland in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…Tropical peatland is a wetland ecosystem that contributes to substantial carbon sinks and sequesters a relatively large amount of carbon (Page et al 2011;Astiani et al 2017a). Tropical peatlands are sensitive to changes in water system, especially in the Ombrogen peatland, where water and nutrient intake is only sourced from rainfall.…”