Molecular Identification of Eimeria Species in Broiler Chickens in Trinidad, West Indies

Jordan, Arianne Brown; Blake, Damer P.; Beard, Jamila; Beharry, Asha; Serrette, Louanne; Soleyn, Atlyn; Sookhoo, Jamie; Blake, Lemar; Brown, George H.; Oura, Christopher

doi:10.3390/vetsci5010012

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The most prevalent species among broiler farms in this study was E. tenella (68.4%), which is in agreement with other studies that have reported a high prevalence that ranges from 80.67% to 100% in Anhui Province, China, Trinadad and Indonesia (Brown et al 2018 ; Hamid et al 2018 ; Huang et al 2017 ). The high prevalence of E. tenella poses a major concern to the health status of chickens because it is associated with caecal lesions causing haemorrhage, oedema and anaemia (Iacob & Duma 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

Fatoba

Zishiri

Blake

et al. 2020

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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This study was conducted from January to October 2018 with the objective to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species in broiler and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A total of 342 faecal samples were collected from 12 randomly selected healthy broiler chicken farms and 40 free-range chickens from 10 different locations. Faecal samples were screened for the presence of Eimeria oocysts using a standard flotation method. The species of Eimeria isolates were confirmed by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) partial region and sequences analysis. Among broiler and free-ranging chickens, 19 out of 41 pens (46.3%) and 25 out of 42 faecal samples (59.5%) were positive for Eimeria infection. Molecular detection revealed the following species: Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti and Eimeria mitis in all the samples screened. Similarly, polymerase chain reaction assays specific for three cryptic Eimeria operational taxonomic units were negative for all the samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-1 sequences supported species identity with the greatest variation detected for E. mitis . This study provides information on the range and identity of Eimeria species, and their genetic relatedness, circulating in commercially reared broilers and free-ranging chickens from different locations in KwaZulu-Natal province.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

Fatoba

Zishiri

Blake

et al. 2020

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…having been shown to be common in broilers on Trinidad. 6 We found no reports of noninfectious causes of lesions in chickens from the Caribbean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Most of the chickens (n = 66, 82%) had at least 1 helminth species, and 55 (68%) had coinfections with cestodes and nematodes (Figs. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Cestodes were present in 64 chickens (79%), mainly Raillietina echinobothrida followed by R. tetragona and Amoebotaenia cuneata (A. sphenoides), with Choanotaenia sp.…”

Section: Parasitologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections and pathology of free-roaming backyard chickens on St. Kitts, West Indies

et al. 2019

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Free-roaming chickens on Caribbean islands are important sentinels for local avian diseases and those introduced by birds migrating through the Americas. We studied 81 apparently healthy unvaccinated free-roaming chickens from 9 parishes on St. Kitts, an eastern Caribbean island. Using commercial ELISAs, no chickens had antibodies against avian influenza virus, West Nile virus, or Salmonella Enteritidis, although seropositivity was high to infectious bursal disease virus (86%), infectious bronchitis virus (84%), Mycoplasma (37%), and avian avulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus, 31%). Examination of small and large intestinal contents revealed cestodes in 79% and nematodes in 75% of the chickens. Although ectoparasites and endoparasites were common (74% and 79%, respectively), only a few chickens had lesions at postmortem examination, mainly intestinal serosal nodules (12%) and feather loss (6%). Histologic examination of 18 organs from each bird revealed lesions in high percentages of organs, mainly the liver (86%), lung (75%), spleen (60%), small intestine (56%), skin (42%), and kidney (40%). Lesions included degenerative, reactive, inflammatory, and neoplastic, and were not correlated with the serologic status of the chickens except in one case of infectious bursal disease. Microscopically, Paratanaisia bragai was seen in the kidneys of 3 chickens and intestinal coccidiasis in 1 chicken. Pulmonary silicate aggregates were common, were present in intestinal serosal nodules, and were suggestive of environmental exposure.

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“…Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan known as Eimeria (Brown-Jordan et al ., 2018). Guven et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are seven known Eimeria species, each of which differs significantly by both morphological and physiological means. The identification of each species present within an infection is vital to develop species-specific treatment, as all Eimeria species may not be susceptible to standard treatment (Guven et al ., 2013; Brown-Jordan et al ., 2018; Fatoba and Adeleke, 2018; Sharma et al ., 2018). The identification of Eimeria species is not only required to diagnose and control the disease but is also required for population genetics, biology and epidemiological studies (Huang et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging threat ofEimeriaoperational taxonomic units (OTUs) on poultry production

Venkatas

Adeleke

2019

Parasitology

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Coccidiosis is an antagonistic poultry disease which negatively impacts animal welfare and productivity. The disease is caused by an obligate, intracellular protozoon known as Eimeria. Several Eimeria species known to infect chickens have been well documented. However, recent studies have elucidated the emergence of three novel genetic variants or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The discovery of OTUx, OTUy and OTUz complicates the identification and diagnosis of coccidiosis. OTUs are clusters of unknown or uncultivated organisms that are grouped according to a similarity in DNA sequence to a set of specific gene markers. OTUs have been reported in the Earth's Southern Hemisphere, including Australia, Venezuela, India, Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania, China and Ghana. Elucidating their impact on the poultry industry is fundamental in preventing anticoccidial resistance and to access the potential of OTUs as vaccine candidates to provide cross-protection against similar Eimeria species. The identification of OTUs further decreases the risk of false negative coccidial diagnosis. Therefore, this article reviews the importance and risk imposed by OTUs, coupled with their prevalence and geographical distribution in chickens globally.

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Molecular Identification of Eimeria Species in Broiler Chickens in Trinidad, West Indies

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

Infections and pathology of free-roaming backyard chickens on St. Kitts, West Indies

Emerging threat ofEimeriaoperational taxonomic units (OTUs) on poultry production

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