Molecular Identification of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis' in Sheep with Hemolytic Anemia

Suzuki, Jin; Sasaoka, Fumina; Fujihara, Masatoshi; Watanabe, Yusaku; Tasaki, Tomoko; Oda, Shinichi; Kobayashi, Saori; Sato, Ryo; Nagai, Kazuya; Harasawa, Ryô

doi:10.1292/jvms.11-0113

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, among the 11 hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. identified from 489 patients, M. ovis -like organism was the most prevalent [23], a species which was mainly found in small ruminants, such as deer [26, 38, 39], goats [4, 25, 33], sheep [4, 8, 24, 28, 40], and Japanese serows [18]. It is noteworthy that the nucleotide sequences of M. ovis (KU983740 and KU983746) in the present study had highest homology with M. ovis (GU230144 and KF313922) from humans (99.8% and 99.8–99.9%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma ovis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis’) in sheep and goats in China

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are emerging zoonotic pathogens with a worldwide distribution that can cause mild to severe hemolytic anemia, icterus, ill-thrift, infertility, and poor weight gain. However, understanding of the molecular epidemiology of hemoplasmas (Mycoplasma ovis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis’) is limited in sheep and goats, and the hemoplasma strain/species/variant ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’ was poorly studied throughout the world and had never been detected in China until now. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the molecular prevalence of hemoplasmas, including M. ovis and ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’ in sheep and goats from seven provinces and one autonomous region of China.MethodsA total of 1364 blood samples were collected from sheep and goats in seven provinces and one autonomous region of China. All blood samples were tested for hemoplasmas (M. ovis and ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’) by nested PCR amplification based on 16S rRNA gene. Positive specimens underwent nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsOverall, 610 specimens (44.7%, 610/1364) were shown to be hemoplasmas (M. ovis and ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’) -positive by nested PCR amplification based on 16S rRNA gene. The prevalence in goats was 44.1% (379/860), and 45.8% (231/504) in sheep, while that in grazing small ruminants was 54.4% (396/728) and 33.6% (214/636) in house feeding small ruminants. Sequencing of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene was successful for the 103 randomly selected positive specimens from different farms in different sampling sites of China. Among them, analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences identified M. ovis (n = 56) and ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’ (n = 47). Two (KU983740 and KU983746) of the four novel genotypes obtained in this study were closely related to M. ovis, while the other two genotypes (KU983748 and KU983749) had high identity with ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’. Remarkably, the genotype (KU983740) of M. ovis in sheep and goats in this study fell in a clade with two human hemoplasmas from USA (KF313922 and GU230144) and shared 99.8%–99.9% with them.ConclusionsIn this study, ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’ was first detected in Chinese sheep and goats and hemoplasmas (M. ovis and ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’) are highly prevalent, and widely distributed in China.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1062-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma ovis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis’) in sheep and goats in China

et al. 2017

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“… Mycoplasma ovis Goats, sheep, deer, reindeer, human Neimark et al ( 2004 ); Stoffregen et al ( 2006 ); Hornok et al ( 2009 ) 2. Candidatus M. haemovis Goats, sheep Suzuki et al ( 2011 ); Hornok et al ( 2012 ); Wang et al ( 2017 ) 3. M. wenyonii Cattle, buffalo, sheep Smith et al ( 1990 ); Neimark and Kocan ( 1997 ); Scott ( 2008 ); Mohd Hassan et al ( 2017 ); Aktas and Ozubek ( 2017 ) 4.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Mycoplasma Ovis In Small mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of clinical aspects, epidemiology and diagnosis of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis in small ruminants: current status and future perspectives in tropics focusing on Malaysia

Paul

Jesse

Chung

et al. 2020

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Mycoplasma ovis (formerly Eperythrozoon ovis ) is an epierythrocytic parasitic bacterium of small ruminants known as haemotropic mycoplasma, which is transmitted mechanically by biting flies and contaminated instruments. Acute mycoplasmosis causes severe haemolytic anaemia and mortality in young animals. At the same time, chronic disease may produce mild anaemia and varying degrees of morbidity depending on several factors, including age, reproductive status, the plane of nutrition, immunological status and the presence of concurrent infection. Haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis is currently recognised as an emerging zoonotic pathogen which is widely distributed in the sheep and goat producing areas of tropics and subtropics, where the disease is nearly endemic. Human infection has been reported in pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and people exposed to animals and arthropods. The current diagnosis of haemoplasma relies on microscopic evaluation of Giemsa-stained blood smear and PCR. Although there are few published reports on the incidence of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis infection of small ruminants in Malaysia, information on its prevalence, risk factors, severity and economic impacts is grossly inadequate. Therefore, a large-scale survey of small ruminant flocks is necessary to elucidate the current seroprevalence status and molecular characteristics of haemotropic M. ovis infection in Malaysia using ELISA and PCR sequencing technologies. In the future, surveillance programs, including vector forecast, quarantine, monitoring by periodic surveys and public enlightenment, will limit the internal and transboundary spread of M. ovis , enhance control efforts and mitigate production losses in Malaysia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11250-020-02357-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Anemia due to hemolysis can be caused by parasites implicated in tick born fever including piroplasms that invade red blood cells like Babesia spp in small (Esmaeilnejad et al, 2012;Yeruham et al, 1998) and large ruminants (Bal et al, 2016;Trueman and Blight, 1978) and Theileria spp in lambs (Alani and Herbert, 1988) and cattle (Omer et al, 2002;Moll et al, 1986) and rickettsiae, mainly Anaplasma spp that infect granulocytes up to 90% in the peak of bacteremia as it is referred in sheep (Yasini et al, 2012), goats (Gokce and Woldehiwet, 1999) and cattles (Ashuma et al, 2013;Henniger et al, 2013). Furthermore, protozoa like Trypanosoma (Biryomumaisho et al, 2013;Katunguka-Rwakishaya et al, 1997;Anosa et al, 1992) and certain Mycoplasma species (Genova et al, 2011;Suzuki et al, 2011) can also be found in plasma and/or in erythrocytes. In addition, microfilaria, the larval stage of stephanofilarial worm, the causative agent of the bovine stephanofilarial dermatitis, enters peripheral blood circulation causing anemia by increasing erythrocytic fragility (Singh et al, 2011).…”

Section: Hemolytic Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

Katsogiannou

Athanasiou

Christodoulopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Anemia in ruminants is an abnormal condition characterized by the decrease of the hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume, PCV), the mass of erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells, RBCs) and/or hemoglobin. Anemia is classified as hemolytic, hemorrhagic or anemia caused by the decreased production of erythrocytes; the first two categories are characterized by a regenerative response. Hemorrhagic anemia can be caused by ectoparasites or parasites of the gastrointestinal system, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, abomasal ulcers, vena cava thrombosis as well as from the genitourinary tract. In addition, primary and secondary hemostatic disorders can be accompanied by hemorrhagic anemia. Hemoparasites, toxins produced from Clostridium perfringens type D and Clostridium hemolyticum and leptospirosis are some of the causes of hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, certain plants, drugs or heavy metals and lack of certain trace elements can cause hemolysis. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia has also been reported in ruminants. The reduced production of erythrocytes can be caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 or iron, as well as by chronic diseases. Pathologic conditions of bone marrow like inflammatory or neoplastic cells filtration and hypoplasia or aplasia of bone marrow are related to reduced production of erythrocytes. After laboratory confirmation by complete blood count analysis, history taking, clinical examination of the animal and specific test depending on the case, are required for the diagnostic approach of anemia and especially for etiological diagnosis. Tachycardia, tachypnea, icterus, mucosal pallor as well as specific symptoms of the underlying disease are observed during the clinical examination of the animal. FAMACHA technique is widely used for the clinical diagnosis and the assessment of the severity of anemia. With respect to complete blood count, apart from the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocytes indices as Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) are contributing to the classification of anemia. The size and the shape of the erythrocytes, the appearance of inclusions and reticulocytes, which are indicative of regenerative anemia, are evaluated in blood smear. Rarely, examination of bone marrow is carried out, for the differentiation of anemia as regenerative or non-regenerative. In particular, the confirmation of immune- mediate anemia is based on Coomb’s test for the detection of autoagglutination. Except from hemorrhage, blood loss is detected at urinalysis or feces microscopy for the presence of blood and/or parasites. Finally, serological and molecular techniques for the detection of infectious agents, as well as specific toxicological analysis are performed in various biological materials.

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Molecular Identification of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis' in Sheep with Hemolytic Anemia

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Molecular characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma ovis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis’) in sheep and goats in China

Molecular characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma ovis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis’) in sheep and goats in China

Review of clinical aspects, epidemiology and diagnosis of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis in small ruminants: current status and future perspectives in tropics focusing on Malaysia

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

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