Molecular identification of Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp based on 16S rRNA gene in Hyalomma ticks in border line of Iran-Pakistan

Abstract

Background Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis are tick-borne diseases affecting human and livestock in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to infection both animals and humans and monitoring of ticks and the pathogens they carry, an extensive survey was conducted in border line of Iran-Pakistan of Sistan and Baluchistan, southeast corner of Iran in 2016-2017, where animal husbandry is the main activity of people and every week thousands of cattle cross the borders into the countries. The aim of the survey was to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis agents in Hyalomma spp hard ticks. Ticks were collected, identified and processed for Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp DNA detection. Results Six Hyalomma species were found in the region, where Hy. anatolicum was the most prevalent species collected on goats, cattle, and camel. Anaplasma / Ehrlichia genomes were found in 68.3% of the specimens. Anaplasma ovis, A.marginale, and E.ewingii DNAs prevalence were 81.82, 9.09, and 9.09% in the infected ticks respectively. DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 16SrRNA gene confirmed the detection of these three anaplasmosis agents while they had 99-100% identity with the strains previously reported in genbank from different parts of the world. Conclusion Because A.ovis and A.marginale are important livestock pathogens, and E.ewingii is an important human pathogen, both farmers and people in border line of the countries which engaged in livestock need to be made aware of the risks of tick infestation and the tick-borne disease they transmit.