Molecular identification, characterization and transmission of phytoplasmas associated with sesame phyllody in Turkey

A petunia witches’ broom (PvWB) disease, characterized by phyllody, virescence, witches’ broom, little leaf and yellowing, was observed in municipal lands and parks in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province, Iran. The disease was present with an average incidence of 20%. PCR and sequencing analysis carried out on selected samples from symptomatic plants showed the presence of a phytoplasma associated with the disease. The molecular comparison of the 16S ribosomal gene indicated 99% sequence identity with the one of “Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia”. This phytoplasma was transmitted to healthy petunia plants under experimental conditions by the leafhopper Orosius albicinctus that was then demonstrated to be a vector of this phytoplasma.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Identification, occurrence, incidence and transmission of phytoplasma associated with Petunia violacea witches’ broom in Iran

Hemmati

Nikooei

Bertaccini

2019

“…Findings that O . orientalis only transmits 16Sr II‐D subgroup phytoplasmas (Ikten et al., ) support the potential role of N . haematoceps in the transmission of the subgroups of VI‐A and IX‐C phytoplasmas detected in sesame.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…orientalis to sesame plants was determined; however, Ikten et al. () detected no phytoplasmas from N . haematoceps from sesame fields where O .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Disease‐associated agents, phytoplasmas, have no cell walls, and their transmission in herbaceous host plants mainly occurs by insect vectors (Bertaccini & Duduk, ). Two leafhopper vectors of sesame phyllody disease reported worldwide are Orosius orientalis (Matsumura) and Neoaliturus haematoceps ((syn) Circulifer haematoceps ) (Mulsant & Rey) (Salehi and Izadpanah , Başpınar, Korkmaz et al., ; Sertkaya, Martini, Musetti, & Osler, ; Omidi, Pour, Massumi, & Rahimian, ; Ikten et al., ; Özdemir, Topuz, Erler, & Çağırgan, ; Salehi et al., ). In early studies, Kersting showed that N .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of phytoplasmas from Neoaliturus haematoceps associated with sesame phyllody disease in southwestern Turkey

Özdemir

2018

Phytoplasmas were detected based on nested PCR of the F2nR2 region of the 16S rDNA from Neoaliturus haematoceps (Mulsant and Rey) (Family: Cicadellidae). A total of 65 insect samples collected from sesame fields in Antalya, Turkey, during 2012–2014 were tested for phytoplasma detection. Phytoplasmas detected in fifteen samples showed an amplicon approximately 1250 bp in size using the universal primers of P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2. Identification of the phytoplasmas by sequence analysis revealed three different 16S rDNA phytoplasma groups: the peanut witches’‐broom, group II; clover proliferation, group VI; and pigeon pea witches’‐broom, group IX. The molecular characterization of subgroups was determined by sequence analysis and PCR‐RFLP using the restriction enzymes RsaI and TaqI. Restriction profiles of the subgroups were also confirmed using the iPhyclassifier program. BLAST and PCR‐RFLP analyses classified the subgroups as II‐D, VI‐A and IX‐C. This is the first report of molecular detection of three 16S rDNA subgroups of phytoplasmas, II‐D, VI‐A and IX‐C, from N. haematoceps in Turkey. This study also supports earlier studies of sesame phyllody phytoplasmas by N. haematoceps.

“…Sesame plants affected by phytoplasma showed symptoms of floral virescence, phyllody, stem fasciation, shortened internodes and cracking of seed capsules (Figure j). Sesame phyllody has been reported to be caused by different groups of phytoplasma, that is group 16SrI in India (Khan, Raj, & Snehi, ), Myanmar (Win, Back, & Jung, ) and South Korea (Lee et al., ); group 16SrII in India (Pamei & Makandar, ), Iran (Esmailzadeh‐Hosseini, Mirzaie, Jafari‐Nodooshan, & Rahimian, ), Oman (Al‐Sakeiti, Al‐Subhi, Al‐Saady, & Deadman, ), Pakistan (Akhtar et al., ), Taiwann (Tseng, Deng, Chang, Huang, & Jan, ), Thailand (Martini et al., ) and Turkey (Ikten et al., ); group 16SrVI in Turkey (Sertkaya, Martini, Musetti, & Osler, ); group 16SrIX in Iran (Salehi, Heydarnejad, & Izadpanah, ) and Turkey (Catal, Ikten, Yol, Ustun, & Uzun, ); and subgroup 16SrIX–C in Turkey (Ikten et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of two groups of phytoplasma with various symptoms in some wooden and herbaceous plants

Azimi

Mehrabi‐Koushki

Farokhinejad

2018

During 2015–2016, wooden and herbaceous plants growing in parks, boulevards, fields, gardens and forests in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran, were visually inspected for symptoms resembling phytoplasma. Fifty‐one symptomatic samples from nine different species and one symptomless sample from each plant were collected. Leaf midribs, petioles and the parts of stem cambium were separated and freeze‐dried. Total DNA was extracted using CTAB‐based method and tested for phytoplasma using a nested PCR assay. The expected size amplicons of 16S rDNA were sequenced and compared to those of reference phytoplasmas by BLASTn search and phylogenetic analysis. The consensus 16S rDNA sequence of the detected phytoplasma in narrow cattail related to reference phytoplasma group 16SrVI, “Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii” while in the other plants were related to reference phytoplasma subgroup 16SrII–D, “Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia.” All isolates showed 98%–99% sequence identity to members of their reference groups. To our knowledge, this is the first report of “Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia”‐related strains infecting the plants of Acacia salicina, Alternanthera ficoidea, Melaleuca citrine, Citrus aurantium throughout the world and Celosia christata in Iran. Furthermore, this study is the first to report the association of a “Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii”‐related strain with Typha angustifolia worldwide.