Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Heterakis gallinae from native chickens in Egypt

Bazh, Eman K.

doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3539-4

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Often, ancestral haplotypes include high individual frequency and may cover most of the species' geographic ranges. Both networks and phylogenetic analyses revealed the absence of significant geographical structure among H. gallinarum in Tunisian populations, as reported previously (3,8,9). FST values confirmed a lack of significant differentiation among the H. gallinarum populations (FST ITS = -0.02, FST COXI = -0.001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Molecular characterization of the nematode Heterakis gallinarum (Ascaridida: Heterakidae) infecting domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) in Tunisia

Amor¹,

Farjallah²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2018

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Heterakis gallinarum is one of the most recurrently diagnosed nematodes within the gastrointestinal tract of galliform birds. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of 96 H. gallinarum collected from free-range chickens from different localities in Tunisia. We assessed phylogeny and genetic variability using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities indicate that H. gallinarum is a species with extremely low genetic diversity. Based on the networks and phylogenetic trees, there was strong support for the absence of significant geographical structuring among the H. gallinarum populations in different localities in Tunisia. Mismatch distributions and neutrality tests of both genetic markers suggest that at least one expansion event occurred in the population demographic history of H. gallinarum. Our data showed a lack of population structure using the pairwise fixation index (FST) and an extensive gene flow. It indicated that the most likely major contributor to the low genetic diversity and gene flow is the movement of the parasitized birds; in other words, the frequency of the poultry trade considerably affects patterns of worm gene flow.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Heterakis gallinarum is a vector of the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis, a causative agent of histomoniasis (blackhead disease). Histomoniasis induces severe pathological lesions in the gut and liver, leading to an important increase of host mortality and exerting serious economic impacts on the poultry industry (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of the nematode Heterakis gallinarum (Ascaridida: Heterakidae) infecting domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) in Tunisia

Amor¹,

Farjallah²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2018

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…There are partial ultrastructural data about H. gallinarum specie [8][9][10][11][12][19][20][21][22]. Nevertheless, identification of the H. gallinarum nematode at the molecular level (through mitochondrial and ribosomal markers) and phylogenetic analysis [23][24][25][26], characteristics [27], identification through PCR [28,29], etc. studies have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Body Wall in Adult Helminth Heterakis gallinarum Schrank, 1788 (Nematoda: Heterakidae)

Rzayev,

Nasirov,

Isayev

et al. 2024

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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HE NEMATODES of the genus Heterakis are similar in appearance and a number of morphological characteristics. Therefore, determination of nematodes creates certain difficulties. H. gallinarum helminth is one of the widespread species of the genus. In the current study, the body wall of the parasite of the H. gallinarum nematode was studied at the ultrastructural level with the help of light and electron microscopic methods, and the obtained results were compared with the structures of the covering tissue of other species of the family. It was found that the bady wall of the nematode consists of 3 layers. The cuticle of the helminth is made up of 8 layers. In both individuals of the helminth, the lateral alae consist of 3 main layers. Homogeneous and fibrillar layers are many times thicker than other parts of the helminth's body. While the shape of the cuticle of both male and female H. gallinarum nematode is smooth throughout the body, 2 different shapes have been found around the bulb. This sign is not mentioned in other species of the family. Tubular structures were found between the basal part of the cuticle and the hypodermis of the studied helminth. The nervous system of the parasite is orthogonal, and the muscular type is polymyar. The number of muscle cells in between two ridges of the helminth varies from 19 to 28, depending on the sex of the worm and the part of the body of the helminth.

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“…These nematodes are the most significant gastrointestinal parasites due to their species' variety and widespread geographic distribution [ 8 , 14 , 15 ]. Geographical variation and flock hygienic measures affect the prevalence of H. gallinarum [ 8 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphomolecular identification of heavy parasitic typhlitis in layer flocks: tissue response and cell-mediated reaction

El-Saied,

Attia,

Ibrahim

et al. 2024

Acta Vet Scand

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Background Heterakis gallinarum (H. gallinarum) is a common poultry parasite that can be found in the ceca of many gallinaceous bird species, causing minor pathology and reduced weight gain. Most infections go unnoticed in commercial flocks due to the dependence on fecal egg counts, which are prone to false-negative diagnoses. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on gastrointestinal nematodes that use molecular identification methods, which could be essential for rapid diagnosis and developing efficient control approaches. As a result, the study aimed to look at the cause of mortality in layer chickens induced by H. gallinarum in Egyptian poultry farms using morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular characterization. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and cell-mediated immune responses from damaged cecal tissues were also examined. Results Seventy bird samples from ten-layer flocks of different breeds (Native, white, and brown layers) suffering from diarrhea, decreased egg output, and emaciation were collected. Cecal samples were collected from affected and non-affected birds and were examined for parasitic diseases using light and a scanning electron microscope. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1) gene was used to characterize H. gallinarum. Our results showed that the collected nematodal worms were identified as H. gallinarum (male and female), further confirmed by COX1 gene amplification and sequence alignment. Gene expression analysis of the inflammatory markers in infected tissues showed a significant up-regulation of IL-2, IFN-γ, TLR-4, and IL-1β and a significant down-regulation of the anti-inflammatory IL-10. The mRNA level of the apoptotic cas-3 revealed apoptotic activity among the H. gallinarum samples compared to the control group. Conclusions Our results implemented the use of molecular methods for the diagnosis of Heterakis, and this is the first report showing the tissue immune response following infection in layers: upregulation of IL-1β, IFN-γ, Il-2, and TLR-4, while down-regulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in cecal tissue, Cas-3 apoptotic activity and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)activity with immunophenotyping of T-cells in Heterakis infected tissue.

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Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Heterakis gallinae from native chickens in Egypt

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular characterization of the nematode Heterakis gallinarum (Ascaridida: Heterakidae) infecting domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) in Tunisia

Molecular characterization of the nematode Heterakis gallinarum (Ascaridida: Heterakidae) infecting domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) in Tunisia

Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Body Wall in Adult Helminth Heterakis gallinarum Schrank, 1788 (Nematoda: Heterakidae)

Morphomolecular identification of heavy parasitic typhlitis in layer flocks: tissue response and cell-mediated reaction

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