Molecular Identification and Genetic Characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina Strains Causing Pathogenicity on Sunflower and Chickpea

Abstract

Macrophomina phaseolina is the most devastating pathogen which causes charcoal rot and root rot diseases in various economically important crops. Three strains M. phaseolina 1156, M. phaseolina 1160, and M. phaseolina PCMC/F1 were tested for their virulence on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The strains showed high virulence on both hosts with a disease score of 2 on chickpea and sunflower. The strains also increased the hydrogen per oxide (H2O2) content by 1.4- to 1.6-fold in root as well as shoot of chickpea and sunflower. A significant increase in antioxidant enzymes was observed in fungal infected plants which indicated prevalence of oxidative stress during pathogen propagation. The M. phaseolina strains also produced hydrolytic enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and protease with solubilization zone of 5–43 mm, 5–45 mm, and 12–35 mm, respectively. The M. phaseolina strains were identified by 18S rRNA and analyzed for genetic diversity by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The findings based on RAPD markers and 18S rRNA sequence analysis clearly indicate genetic variation among the strains collected from different hosts. The genetically diverse strains were found to be pathogenic to sunflower and chickpea.

Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria

“…Macrophomina phaseolina and M. caribbica were specific to cowpea, while Phoma species were recovered from sorghum. Macrophomina phaseolina is a common pathogen of legumes, including cowpea and causes charcoal rot and root rot (Amusa et al 2007, Oladimeji et al 2012, Sarr et al 2014, Khan et al 2017. Meyerozyma caribbica (anamorph Candida fermentati) is a halophilic and rhizospheric yeast with biological control potential against phytopathogenic fungi (Bautista-Rosales et al 2013), while Phoma is a genus of mostly phytopathogens (Chen et al 2015(Chen et al , 2017.…”

Antibiosis de proteínas y metabolitos en especies de Trichoderma contra aislamientos paraguayos de Macrophomina phaseolina

“…Con respecto a la especificidad de la interacción entre las especies de Trichoderma probadas y M. phaseolina, se observó que el aislamiento proveniente de sésamo (FCQ9) fue el más sensible al enfrentarse a T. arundinaceum; dicho efecto fue más evidente a las 96 h. Se ha descrito que la variabilidad genética de M. phaseolina está relacionada con el origen geográfico y del hospedero, condición que puede afectar tanto a la morfología como a los procesos biológicos del fitopatógeno (Baird et al, 2010;Arias et al, 2011;Mahdizadeh et al, 2011;Khan et al, 2017), lo que explica la distinta respuesta observada ante una misma situación de estrés, como pudo ser la exposición a agentes de biocontrol.…”

Long term crop rotation effect on soybean yield explained by soil- and root-associated microbiome and soil health indicators

“…Similarly, we identified differentially-abundant fungal taxa in bulk soil that are of particular interest. Among those, Macrophomina which was observed as a dominant taxa in SCS plots, includes some of the most devastating pathogenic species of crop plant, such as Macrophomina phaseolina 64,65 . Pathogens under genera Macrophomina are also known to infect soybean roots causing charcoal rot disease 66 .…”