Molecular identification and expression analysis of TLR5M and TLR5S from orange-spotted grouper ( Epinepheluscoioides )

Bai, Jian-Shan; Li, Yanwei; Deng, Yan; Huang, Yan-Qiong; He, Shan; Dai, Jing; Zhao, Shang-Zhi; Dan, Xue-Ming; Luo, Xiao‐Chun

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.037

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, MyD88 , TRAF6, and IL1β were upregulated in immune tissues at most time points [ 10 , 14 ]. In addition, a transcriptome sequencing on C. irritans infected L. crocea showed that TLR5 might be involved in identifying the C. irritans ’ antigen composition, which was corroborated by the finding of Bai et al (2017), indicating that C. irritans infection could significantly upregulate the expression of EcTLR5s in the gill and spleen [ 35 ]. Additionally, it has been shown that the MyD88 gene plays a key role in resistance to C. irritans.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key immune-related signalling pathways of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to infection with the parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans

Yin

Dong

2017

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundFalse kelpfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) is one of the target species in artificial breeding in China, and is susceptible to infection by Cryptocaryon irritans, which is an obligate parasitic ciliate that lives in the epithelium of the fish gills, skin and fins. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms of molecular immunity of S. marmoratus against C. irritans infection.MethodsWe carried out an extensive analysis of the transcriptome of S. marmoratus immune-related tissues. A paired-end library was constructed from the cDNA synthesized using a Genomic Sample Prep Kit. Five normalized cDNA libraries were constructed using RNA from the control group and the four groups of C. irritans-infected fish. The libraries were sequenced on an Illumina Mi-Seq platform, and functional annotation of the transcriptome was performed using bioinformatics software.ResultsThe data produced a total of 149,983,397 clean reads from five cDNA libraries constructed from S. marmoratus immune-related tissues. A total of 33,291 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 1768 bp. In eggNOG (Evolutionary Genealogy of Genes: non-supervised orthologous groups) categories, 333 unigenes (0.94%) were assigned to defense mechanisms. In the immune system process sub-categories of gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, with the passage of time post-infection, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was reduced from 24 h to 48 h but then increased from 72 h to 96 h. Specifically, the immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs), which belong to the KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathways, such as the complement and coagulation cascades, chemokine signalling pathways and toll-like receptor signalling pathways were mainly observed at 24 h post-infection.ConclusionsInfection with C. irritans resulted in a large number of DEGs in the immune-related tissues of S. marmoratus. The rapid and significant response of the S. marmoratus immune signalling pathways following C. irritans infection may be associated with their involvement in the immune process.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2508-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key immune-related signalling pathways of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to infection with the parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans

Yin

Dong

2017

Parasites Vectors

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“…Although TRL13 has been associated with the resistance of some insects to parasites [ 59 ], it is not known whether it plays a role in fish parasite infections. Fish tlr5 was also strongly up-regulated in some tissues of E. coioides and in the Tibetan highland fish ( Gymnocypris przewalskii ) in response to infection with the ciliates C. irritans [ 24 , 60 ] and I. multifiliis [ 61 ] respectively, although, as far as we know, no particular role for this receptor in parasite recognition has been reported. The UR of tlr5 found in the present study may be a consequence of prior stimulation of other cell receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between the Parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi and the Immune System of the Turbot Scophthalmus maximus. A Transcriptomic Analysis

Valle

Leiro

Pereiro

et al. 2020

Biology

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The present study analyses the interactions between Philasterides dicentrarchi (a ciliate parasite that causes high mortalities in cultured flatfish) and the peritoneal cells of the turbot Scophthalmus maximus during an experimental infection. The transcriptomic response was evaluated in the parasites and in the fish peritoneal cells, at 1, 2 and 4 h post-infection (hpi) in turbot injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 107 ciliates and at 12 and 48 hpi in turbot injected ip with 105 ciliates. Numerous genes were differentially expressed (DE) in P. dicentrarchi, relative to their expression in control ciliates (0 hpi): 407 (369 were up-regulated) at 1 hpi, 769 (415 were up-regulated) at 2 hpi and 507 (119 were up-regulated) at 4 hpi. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the DE genes showed that the most representative categories of biological processes affected at 1, 2 and 4 hpi were biosynthetic processes, catabolic processes, biogenesis, proteolysis and transmembrane transport. Twelve genes of the ABC transporter family and eight genes of the leishmanolysin family were DE at 1, 2 and 4 hpi. Most of these genes were strongly up-regulated (UR), suggesting that they are involved in P. dicentrarchi infection. A third group of UR genes included several genes related to ribosome biogenesis, DNA transcription and RNA translation. However, expression of tubulins and tubulin associated proteins, such as kinesins or dyneins, which play key roles in ciliate division and movement, was down-regulated (DR). Similarly, genes that coded for lysosomal proteins or that participate in the cell cycle mitotic control, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and/or in the electron transport chain were also DR. The transcriptomic analysis also revealed that in contrast to many parasites, which passively evade the host immune system, P. dicentrarchi strongly stimulated turbot peritoneal cells. Many genes related to inflammation were DE in peritoneal cells at 1, 2 and 4 hpi. However, the response was much lower at 12 hpi and almost disappeared completely at 48 hpi in fish that were able to kill P. dicentrarchi during the first few hpi. The genes that were DE at 1, 2 and 4 hpi were mainly related to the apoptotic process, the immune response, the Fc-epsilon receptor signalling pathway, the innate immune response, cell adhesion, cell surface receptors, the NF-kappaB signalling pathway and the MAPK cascade. Expression of toll-like receptors 2, 5 and 13 and of several components of NF-κB, MAPK and JAK/STAT signalling pathways was UR in the turbot peritoneal cells. Genes expressing chemokines and chemokine receptors, genes involved in prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, prostaglandins, leukotriene receptors, proinflammatory cytokines and genes involved in apoptosis were strongly UR during the first four hours of infection. However, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as Il-10 and lipoxygenases with anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) were only UR at 12 and/or 48 hpi, indicating an anti-inflammatory state in these groups of fish. In conclusion, the present study shows the regulation of several genes in P. dicentrarchi during the early stages of infection, some of which probably play important roles in this process. The infection induced a potent acute inflammatory response, and many inflammatory genes were regulated in peritoneal cells, showing that the turbot uses all the protective mechanisms it has available to prevent the entry of the parasite.

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“…These include TLR5S, −14, −18, −19, −20, −21, −22, −23, −24, −25, −26, −27 and −28, and of these, some are fish-specific (TLR18-23, 25–28). The soluble variant of TLR5 is widely present in teleosts and has been identified in several species such as rainbow trout 33 , catfish 34 , 35 , gilthead seabream 36 , flounder 37 and orange spotted grouper 38 . Since V. anguillarum is a flagellated bacterium, it was not unexpected that TLR5S was highly upregulated during early immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome-wide mapping of signaling pathways and early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon in vitro bacterial exposure

Eggestøl

Lunde

Rønneseth

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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We performed RNA sequencing, identified components of the immune system and mapped early immune responses of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) leukocytes following in vitro exposure to the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum O1. This is the first characterization of immune molecules in lumpfish at the gene level. In silico analyses revealed that genes encoding proteins involved in pathogen recognition, cell signaling and cytokines in mammals and teleosts are conserved in lumpfish. Unique molecules were also identified. Pathogen recognition components include 13 TLRs, several NLRs and complement factors. Transcriptome-wide analyses of immune responses 6 and 24 hours post bacterial exposure revealed differential expression of 9033 and 15225 genes, respectively. These included TLR5S, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, IL-17A/F3, IL-17C and several components of the complement system. The data generated will be valuable for comparative studies and make an important basis for further functional analyses of immune and pathogenicity mechanisms. Such knowledge is also important for design of immunoprophylactic measures in lumpfish, a species of fish now farmed intensively for use as cleaner-fish in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture.

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Molecular identification and expression analysis of TLR5M and TLR5S from orange-spotted grouper ( Epinepheluscoioides )

Cited by 48 publications

References 31 publications

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key immune-related signalling pathways of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to infection with the parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key immune-related signalling pathways of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to infection with the parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans

Interactions between the Parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi and the Immune System of the Turbot Scophthalmus maximus. A Transcriptomic Analysis

Transcriptome-wide mapping of signaling pathways and early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon in vitro bacterial exposure

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