Molecular hydrogen and radiation protection

Chuai, Yunhai; Qian, Liren; Sun, Xuejun; Cai, Jianming

doi:10.3109/10715762.2012.689429

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…In physics, radiation is a process in which energetic particles travel through a medium or space. Direct detrimental biological effect of radiation is caused by radiation energy in the exposure pathway, which targets molecules including DNA, proteins and lipids, et al 14. Direct effect could be prevented by radiation shielding materials.…”

Section: Detrimental Biological Effects Of Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen as a New Class of Radioprotective Agent

Qian¹,

Shen²,

Chuai³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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It is well known that most of the ionizing radiation-induced damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) follows radiolysis of H2O. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has antioxidant activities by selectively reducing ·OH and peroxynitrite(ONOO-). We firstly hypothesized and demonstrated the radioprotective effect of H2 in vitro and in vivo, which was also repeated on different experimental animal models by different departments. A randomized, placebo-controlled study showed that consumption of hydrogen-rich water reduces the biological reaction to radiation-induced oxidative stress without compromising anti-tumor effects. These encouraging results suggested that H2 represents a potentially novel preventative strategy for radiation-induced oxidative injuries. H2 is explosive. Therefore, administration of hydrogen-rich solution (physiological saline/pure water/other solutions saturated with H2) may be more practical in daily life and more suitable for daily consumption. This review focuses on major scientific and clinical advances of hydrogen-rich solution/H2 as a new class of radioprotective agent.

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Section: Detrimental Biological Effects Of Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen as a New Class of Radioprotective Agent

Qian¹,

Shen²,

Chuai³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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“…Therefore, a simple method that can reduce such damage as much as possible is required. The inhalation of HCG agrees with many requirements of an ideal radioprotectant, such as efficacy, broad spectrum, acceptable administration and non-toxicity [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Protective effect of inhalation of hydrogen gas on radiation-induced dermatitis and skin injury in rats

Watanabe

Fujita

Ishihara

et al. 2014

Journal of Radiation Research

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The effect of inhalation of hydrogen-containing gas (1.3% hydrogen + 20.8% oxygen + 77.9% nitrogen) (HCG) on radiation-induced dermatitis and on the healing of healing-impaired skin wounds in rats was examined using a rat model of radiation-induced skin injury. An X-ray dose of 20 Gy was irradiated onto the lower part of the back through two holes in a lead shield. Irradiation was performed before or after inhalation of HCG for 2 h. Inhalation of HCG significantly reduced the severity of radiodermatitis and accelerated healing-impaired wound repair. Staining with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) showed that the proportion of apoptotic keratinocytes and the level of staining in the X-irradiated skin of rats that pre-inhaled HCG were significantly lower than that of rats which did not pre-inhale HCG. Cutaneous full-thickness wounds were then created in the X-irradiated area to examine the time-course of wound healing. X-irradiation significantly increased the time required for wound healing, but the inhalation of HCG prior to the irradiation significantly decreased the delay in wound healing compared with the control and post-inhalation of HCG groups. Therefore, radiation-induced skin injury can potentially be alleviated by the pre-inhalation of HCG.

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“…18 Flavonoids, α-TMG, H2, and Tempol presumably react with or modify free radicals and ROS. 5,6,8,11 Ex-Rad™ was reported to manifest its protective effects through up-regulation of PI3-Kinase/AKT pathways in cells exposed to radiation. 19 A suggested protective mechanism for DIM proceeds through activation of the nuclear kinase at axiateleangiectasia mutated (ATM) regulating responses to DNA damage and oxidative stress, and NF-κB activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the central nervous system). 1,5 More recently, however, some interesting examples have been reported including flavonoids, 6 caffeine, 7 α-TMG (vitamin E analog), 8 Mentha arvensis (mint), 9 5-androstenediol, 10 Tempol, 11 molecular hydrogen (H2) containing water, 5 Ex-Rad™, 12 JNJ7777120 (indole), 13 and particularly the recently studied indole 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM; derived from ingestion of indole-3-carbinol found in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, Brussels sprouts and broccoli) that offered astonishing radioprotection also at very high doses (up to 13 Gy) both in vivo and in cell culture. 14 The synthetic indole-drug 2,3-dimethyl-6-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-6H-indolo [2,3-b]quinoxaline (B220, structure shown in figure 1) has been found to be well tolerated, having preventative effects on growth of 12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promoted skin tumours in vivo possibly by interfering with enzymes involved in the generation of ROS in the inflammatory response to TPA, 15 and was found to downregulate phagocyte NADPH-oxidase activity in vitro, inhibiting release of ROS, by affecting signalling downstream of protein kinase C (PKC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%