Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 4th Edition

Snyder, Larry; Peters, Joseph E.; Henkin, Tina M.; Champness, Wendy

doi:10.1128/9781555817169

Cited by 63 publications

(109 citation statements)

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“…Metaproteomic data come an additional step closer to current metabolic state, by identifying enzymes expressed in a community, but without providing direct evidence of enzyme activity. While rRNA is a product of transcription, community rRNA data are more analogous to metaproteomic than to metatranscriptomic (mRNA) data; rRNA is generally much more stable than mRNA (Snyder and Champness, 2007), and is not translated to protein but instead acts as a structural component of housekeeping catalysts (ribosomes). Therefore, rRNA data can provide evidence of the relative expression of an enzyme, with the explicit function of protein synthesis, for different populations in a community.…”

Section: Rrna Analyses In Community Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating rRNA as an indicator of microbial activity in environmental communities: limitations and uses

et al. 2013

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Microbes exist in a range of metabolic states (for example, dormant, active and growing) and analysis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is frequently employed to identify the 'active' fraction of microbes in environmental samples. While rRNA analyses are no longer commonly used to quantify a population's growth rate in mixed communities, due to rRNA concentration not scaling linearly with growth rate uniformly across taxa, rRNA analyses are still frequently used toward the more conservative goal of identifying populations that are currently active in a mixed community. Yet, evidence indicates that the general use of rRNA as a reliable indicator of metabolic state in microbial assemblages has serious limitations. This report highlights the complex and often contradictory relationships between rRNA, growth and activity. Potential mechanisms for confounding rRNA patterns are discussed, including differences in life histories, life strategies and non-growth activities. Ways in which rRNA data can be used for useful characterization of microbial assemblages are presented, along with questions to be addressed in future studies.

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Section: Rrna Analyses In Community Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating rRNA as an indicator of microbial activity in environmental communities: limitations and uses

et al. 2013

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“…2,6 Chemical mutagens are categorized into four general groups, based on the mechanism by which they interact with DNA. 3 1. Base analogs are structurally similar to bases; they have their mutagenic effect by being incorporated into DNA and causing mispairing during replication.…”

Section: Induced Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this relative abundance, it has been suggested that deletions may play a significant role in creating genetic diversity. 3 Inversions and translocations are two additional classes of chromosomal rearrangements, but they do not necessarily yield a net loss or gain of DNA. Inversions result from "flipping" the order of a chromosomal segment and, as a result, all genes since that segment is placed in the opposite orientation with respect to the rest of the chromosome.…”

Section: Sequence Rearrangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The presence of multiple copies of a gene through duplication allows the occurrence of mutations in the "extra" copy without deleterious consequences because the "primary" copy can remain unchanged and thus continue to code for a fully functional gene product. 3 The accumulation of multiple point mutations in duplicated copies could eventually produce a divergent gene product(s), allowing organisms to generate new diverse functions. The process of gene duplication and then divergence is widely believed to be essential in the evolution of species with greater complexity.…”

Section: Sequence Rearrangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that can kill an entire population except for those rare mutants resistant to a given substance. 2,3,7 Most assays are classified as either forward mutagenesis or reversion mutagenesis assays. Forward mutagenesis refers to mutations that inactivate a functional gene; reversion mutagenesis is, essentially, the reciprocal event, in which a mutation restores the normal function.…”

Section: Systems To Detect and Analyze Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutagenesis

Gupta¹,

Malu²,

Beera³

2017

IJOCRWEB

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Messenger RNA in Prokaryotes

Kushner

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) are molecules that represent the intermediate step in the conversion of genetic information carried in a cell's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into functional proteins. They are synthesised by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which recognises specific sequences in the DNA (promoters) to initiate the process called transcription. Downstream sequences, called terminators, provide the signals for transcription to stop. Structural features of mRNAs, such as the presence of a strong ribosome-binding site (RBS) and appropriate spacing between the RBS and the translation start codon, control both how effectively the information they contain is translated into functional proteins and how rapidly they are decayed. The steady-state level of each mRNA, which is determined by the rate of its synthesis versus the rate of its decay, helps regulate how much protein is synthesised from each mRNA. mRNA decay in prokaryotes is carried out by a series of nucleases that can either degrade the RNA molecule by cleaving at internal sites or removing one nucleotide at a time from either the 5' or 3' terminus.

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Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 4th Edition

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluating rRNA as an indicator of microbial activity in environmental communities: limitations and uses

Evaluating rRNA as an indicator of microbial activity in environmental communities: limitations and uses

Mutagenesis

Messenger RNA in Prokaryotes

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