Molecular Genetics and Biology of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment

Ganci, Federica; Sacconi, Andrea; Manciocco, Valentina; Covello, Giuseppe Spriano Renato; Fontemaggi, Giulia; Blandino, Giovanni

doi:10.5772/31956

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…In humans, high intensity p16 staining was associated with high-risk HPV infection and a better prognosis, while loss of p16 immunostaining was associated with CDKN2A inactivation and a worse clinical outcome [ 6 ] (pp. 9–22), [ 7 ] (pp. 73–122).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low p16 has been observed more often in the late stages of HNSCC (T3 or T4) [ 9 ] (pp. 58–60), which has a less favorable prognosis compared to HPV-induced-HNSCC [ 7 ] (pp. 73–122), [ 29 ] (pp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 50% of HNSCC patients were reported to have either TP53 mutations or increased p53 protein (usually due to mutations) detected by immunohistochemistry, which were associated with a poor clinical outcome and opposing tumor progression [ 6 ] (pp. 9–22), [ 7 ] (pp. 73–122).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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p16, pRb, and p53 in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Supsavhad

Dirksen

Hildreth

et al. 2016

Veterinary Sciences

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Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is a highly aggressive head and neck cancer in cats, but the molecular pathogenesis of this cancer is still uncertain. In this study, p16, p53, and pRb proteins were detected and quantified by immunohistochemistry in forty-three FOSCC primary tumors and three FOSCC xenografts. p16 mRNA levels were also measured in three FOSCC cell lines (SCCF1, F2, and F3), which were consistent with their p16 immunoreactivity. Feline SCCF1 cells had very high levels of p16 protein and mRNA (55-fold greater) compared to SCCF2 and F3. A partial feline p16 cDNA sequence was amplified and sequenced. The average age of cats with FOSCC with high p16 immunoreactivity was significantly lower than the average age in the low p16 group. Eighteen of 43 (42%) FOSCCs had low p16 intensity, while 6/43 (14%) had high p16 immunoreactivity. Feline papillomavirus L1 (major capsid) DNA was not detected in the SCC cell lines or the FOSCCs with high p16 immunostaining. Five of 6 (83%) of the high p16 FOSCC had low p53, but only 1/6 (17%) had low pRb immunoreactivity. In summary, the staining pattern of p16, p53, and pRb in FOSCC was different from human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The majority of FOSCCs have low p16 immunostaining intensity, therefore, inactivation of CDKN2A is suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of FOSCC. A subset of FOSCCs had increased p16 protein, which supports an alternate pathogenesis of cancer in these cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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p16, pRb, and p53 in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Supsavhad

Dirksen

Hildreth

et al. 2016

Veterinary Sciences

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“…HNSCC is placed at sixth of the most frequent human malignancies and belongs to the most aggressive cancers. Worldwide, more than half a million new cases are diagnosed per year and nearly 50% of them have a less than 5-year survival rate (Leemans et al 2011;Ganci et al 2012;Magić et al 2013). Cancer cells spread to the oral cavity, larynx, naso-, hypo-, and oro-pharynx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Modifications in Head and Neck Cancer

et al. 2019

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common human malignancy in the world, with high mortality and poor prognosis for patients. Among the risk factors are tobacco and alcohol intake, human papilloma virus, and also genetic and epigenetic modifications. Many studies show that epigenetic events play an important role in HNSCC development and progression, including DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone posttranslational covalent modifications, and effects of non-coding RNA. Epigenetic modifications may influence silencing of tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation, regulate transcription by microRNAs and changes in chromatin structure, or induce genome instability through hypomethylation. Moreover, getting to better understand aberrant patterns of methylation may provide biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis, while knowledge about target genes of microRNAs may improve the therapy of HNSCC and extend overall survival. The aim of this review is to present recent studies which demonstrate the role of epigenetic regulation in the development of HNSCC.

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“…Cancer is a multistep process that develops through accumulation [15] . The p53 protein blocks cell division at the G1 to S boundary, stimulates DNA repair after DNA damage, and also induces apoptosis [16] .Wild-type p53 gene inhibits carcinogenesis by maintaining genomic integrity.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer

Gaonkar¹,

Patankar²,

Bhandare³

et al. 2016

Journal of Tumor

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Advancements in the field of molecular biology have stimulated the interest of the scientists and clincians worldwide who believe that genetic manipulation can be a potential cure for cancer. Gene therapy is one such therapy that is significantly applied in human cancer which involves transferring genetic material into a host cell via a viral or non-viral vector, immunotherapy or by manipulation of the tumor microenvironment to reduce angiogenesis.It is not only being considered as a therapeutic strategy to treat cancer but also as a medium to counter the post radiation side-effects. More recently it has been used as a means to prevent the progression of potentially malignant diseases into cancer thereby proving to be a potential candidate for improving survival rates in cancer patients. This review aims to provide insight into the field of cancer gene therapy as applicable to oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral premalignancies that may have far reaching effects on the way a cancer patient is managed.

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Molecular Genetics and Biology of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 188 publications

p16, pRb, and p53 in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

p16, pRb, and p53 in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Epigenetic Modifications in Head and Neck Cancer

Gene Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer

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