Molecular genetic analysis of a dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase that liberates the climate‐changing gas dimethylsulfide in several marine α‐proteobacteria and <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i>

Curson, Andrew R. J.; Rogers, Rachel; Todd, Jonathan D.; Brearley, Charles A.; Johnston, Andrew

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01499.x

Cited by 154 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…[5] Alternatively, in Sulfitobacter, the DMSP lyase DddL catalyses the formation of DMS and acrylate from DMSP. [6] The recently identified DMSP lyase DddP from Roseovarius nubinhibens cleaves DMSP to DMS by an unknown mechanism. [7] The DMSP demethylase DmdA was first described from Ruegeria pomeroyi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As will be demonstrated in this article, these feeding experiments also gave insight into the distribution between the two DMSP catabolic pathways and served to test the specificities of the encoded DMSP-degrading enzymes in vivo. 6 ]DMSP, DESP, EMSP, DMSeP and DMTeP will be used. The volatiles released by the bacterial cultures in these feeding experiments were collected by use of the closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) technique, and the obtained extracts were analysed by GC-MS. [17] To analyse the highly volatile compounds covered by the solvent peak of the CLSA headspace extracts, the feeding experiments with [ 2 H 6 ]DMSP were repeated but with the solvent-free, solidphase microextraction (SPME) technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathways and Substrate Specificity of DMSP Catabolism in Marine Bacteria of the Roseobacter Clade

2010

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The volatiles released by Phaeobacter gallaeciensis, Oceanibulbus indolifex and Dinoroseobacter shibae have been investigated by GC-MS, and several MeSH-derived sulfur volatiles have been identified. An important sulfur source in the oceans is the algal metabolite dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Labelled [2H6]DMSP was fed to the bacteria to investigate the production of volatiles from this compound through the lysis pathway to [2H6]dimethylsulfide or the demethylation pathway to [2H3]-3-(methylmercapto)propionic acid and lysis to [2H3]MeSH. [2H6]DMSP was efficiently converted to [2H3]MeSH by all three species. Several DMSP derivatives were synthesised and used in feeding experiments. Strong dealkylation activity was observed for the methylated ethyl methyl sulfoniopropionate and dimethylseleniopropionate, as indicated by the formation of EtSH- and MeSeH-derived volatiles, whereas no volatiles were formed from dimethyltelluriopropionate. In contrast, the dealkylation activity for diethylsulfoniopropionate was strongly reduced, resulting in only small amounts of EtSH-derived volatiles accompanied by diethyl sulfide in P. gallaeciensis and O. indolifex, while D. shibae produced the related oxidation product diethyl sulfone. The formation of diethyl sulfide and diethyl sulfone requires the lysis pathway, which is not active for [2H6]DMSP. These observations can be explained by a shifted distribution between the two competing pathways due to a blocked dealkylation of ethylated substrates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways and Substrate Specificity of DMSP Catabolism in Marine Bacteria of the Roseobacter Clade

2010

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“…DMSP catabolism involves an enzymatic cleavage of DMSP to DMS via several pathways (e.g. DddL and DddD, Todd et al 2007;Curson et al 2008) and/or demethylation to 3-methiolpropionate (MMPA), which is further metabolized to 3-mercaptopropionate (MPA) or converted to methanethiol (MeSH). MeSH is assimilated into methionine and bacterial proteins or can be metabolized to mineralized end products such as CH 4 , CO 2 and H 2 S (Kiene and Visscher 1987;Kiene and Taylor 1988;Kiene et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel inhibitory interaction between dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and the denitrification pathway

et al. 2010

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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant organic sulfur compound in marine algae and denitrification influences nitrogen availability to primary producers, the key regulators of coastal eutrophication. In this study, we tested the effect of DMSP on the nitrous oxide (N 2 O) reduction step of denitrification in sediments and biofilms from the Douro and Ave estuaries (NW Portugal) and in pure cultures of a denitrifying bacterium, Ruegeria pomeroyi. N 2 O accumulation rates were monitored in sediment slurries and bacterial cell suspensions amended with DMSP concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 mM. In these treatments N 2 O accumulation rates increased linearly with DMSP concentration (R 2 from 0.89 to 0.99, p \ 0.001), suggesting an inhibitory effect of DMSP on the nitrous oxide reductase activity. The addition of DMSP to sediments and bacterial culture resulted in accumulation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) as well as N 2 O. However, no direct inhibition on N 2 O reductase activity by DMS was observed. Natural concentrations of DMSP in the different estuarine sites were found to be linearly correlated to natural N 2 O effluxes (R 2 = 0.64, p \ 0.001), suggesting that DMSP may negatively affect N 2 O reductase in situ. This newly identified interaction between DMSP and N 2 O emissions may have a significant ecological role as the inhibition of the nitrous oxide reduction enhances nitrogen loss via N 2 O. Since N 2 O is a powerful greenhouse gas, the results from Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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“…Phytoplankton and their predators also degrade DMSP to a certain extent (7,8). Once incorporated into bacterial cells, DMSP is degraded via two major pathways: a demethylation pathway involving DMSP demethylase, encoded by dmdA (9), and a cleavage pathway involving several different ddd (DMSP-dependent DMS) (dddD, dddL, dddP, dddQ, dddY, and dddW) genes (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). dmdA, the first DMSP degradation gene identified, is the most widely distributed DMSP degradation gene.…”

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confidence: 99%

Abundance and Distribution of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Degradation Genes and the Corresponding Bacterial Community Structure at Dimethyl Sulfide Hot Spots in the Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Ocean

Cui

Suzuki

Omori

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is mainly produced by marine phytoplankton but is released into the microbial food web and degraded by marine bacteria to dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and other products. To reveal the abundance and distribution of bacterial DMSP degradation genes and the corresponding bacterial communities in relation to DMS and DMSP concentrations in seawater, we collected surface seawater samples from DMS hot spot sites during a cruise across the Pacific Ocean. We analyzed the genes encoding DMSP lyase (dddP) and DMSP demethylase (dmdA), which are responsible for the transformation of DMSP to DMS and DMSP assimilation, respectively. The averaged abundance (؎standard deviation) of these DMSP degradation genes relative to that of the 16S rRNA genes was 33% ؎ 12%. The abundances of these genes showed large spatial variations. dddP genes showed more variation in abundances than dmdA genes. Multidimensional analysis based on the abundances of DMSP degradation genes and environmental factors revealed that the distribution pattern of these genes was influenced by chlorophyll a concentrations and temperatures. dddP genes, dmdA subclade C/2 genes, and dmdA subclade D genes exhibited significant correlations with the marine Roseobacter clade, SAR11 subgroup Ib, and SAR11 subgroup Ia, respectively. SAR11 subgroups Ia and Ib, which possessed dmdA genes, were suggested to be the main potential DMSP consumers. The Roseobacter clade members possessing dddP genes in oligotrophic subtropical regions were possible DMS producers. These results suggest that DMSP degradation genes are abundant and widely distributed in the surface seawater and that the marine bacteria possessing these genes influence the degradation of DMSP and regulate the emissions of DMS in subtropical gyres of the Pacific Ocean. D imethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of dimethylsulfide (DMS), is mainly produced by marine phytoplankton, marine macroalgae, and a few angiosperms in the ocean (1-3) and is an important carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria (4). After DMSP has been released, it is mainly assimilated and degraded by marine bacteria (5, 6). Phytoplankton and their predators also degrade DMSP to a certain extent (7,8). Once incorporated into bacterial cells, DMSP is degraded via two major pathways: a demethylation pathway involving DMSP demethylase, encoded by dmdA (9), and a cleavage pathway involving several different ddd (DMSP-dependent DMS) (dddD, dddL, dddP, dddQ, dddY, and dddW) genes (10-15). dmdA, the first DMSP degradation gene identified, is the most widely distributed DMSP degradation gene. It was reported that approximately 60% of marine bacteria in the open ocean and coastal waters contain this gene (16). dmdA genes, which are found mainly in members of the SAR11, SAR116, Gammaproteobacteria, and Roseobacter clades (16-19), can be grouped into five clades and 14 subclades based on the genes' nucleotide sequences (16,20).In the cleavage pathway, bacteria transform DMSP to DMS. Aerosols formed from the oxidati...

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Molecular genetic analysis of a dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase that liberates the climate‐changing gas dimethylsulfide in several marine α‐proteobacteria and Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Cited by 154 publications

References 47 publications

Pathways and Substrate Specificity of DMSP Catabolism in Marine Bacteria of the Roseobacter Clade

Pathways and Substrate Specificity of DMSP Catabolism in Marine Bacteria of the Roseobacter Clade

A novel inhibitory interaction between dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and the denitrification pathway

Abundance and Distribution of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Degradation Genes and the Corresponding Bacterial Community Structure at Dimethyl Sulfide Hot Spots in the Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Ocean

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