Molecular Fingerprinting of
            <i>Leishmania infantum</i>
            Strains following an Outbreak of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Central Israel

Nasereddin, Abedelmajeed; Baneth, Gad; Schönian, Gabriele; Kanaan, Moein; Jaffe, Charles L.

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.12.6054-6059.2005

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…This study indicated that Leishmania infection among domestic dogs is prevalent in the seven studied districts in Palestine. This comprehensive study, showed prevalence of Leishmania infection among domestic dogs (16.7%), higher than previously reported in Palestine [ 21 ] and neighboring countries [ 13 , 30 ], but lower than other Far East countries like China and Uzbekistan [ 31 - 33 ]. The domestic dogs surveyed in this study were asymptomatic.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Serological and molecular survey of Leishmania parasites in apparently healthy dogs in the West Bank, Palestine

et al. 2012

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BackgroundCanine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is caused by Leishmania infantum in all Mediterranean countries. The Leishmania parasite is transmitted by the bite of a corresponding sand fly vector and primarily maintained in nature by wild and domestic reservoirs, including dogs, foxes and jackals. Infected dogs are the primary reservoir host in endemic regions and are the most significant risk disposing humans to infection. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of infection with Leishmania and identification of Leishmania infantum in domestic dogs in the West Bank, Palestine.MethodsThe infection rate among domestic dogs collected from seven districts in the Palestinian West Bank was investigated by examination of parasites in culture from the buffy coat using serological and molecular methods; based on ELISA, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and cysteine protease (CPB) PCR.ResultsOut of 215 dogs examined for Leishmania, 36 (16.7%) were positive in at least one method. Twenty three animals (11.5%) were positive for Leishmania DNA, whereas, ELISA and culture revealed 16 (7.5%), and 4 (1.5%) respectively. CPB-PCR on one of three culture-positive isolates revealed Leishmania infantum as the causative agent for Leishmania infection in dogs.ConclusionsOur study showed that canine leishmania infection is prevalent with varying degrees in all the seven studied districts in Palestine despite the absence of human VL cases in 4 of these districts. The causative agent was confirmed to be Leishmania infantum.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Serological and molecular survey of Leishmania parasites in apparently healthy dogs in the West Bank, Palestine

et al. 2012

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“…This form is generally caused by L. donovani senso lato, including L. infantum / L. chagasi (Table 1). Whereas L. infantum is essentially a parasite causing zoonotic disease, mainly in dogs, and is responsible for low endemicity with regard to humans, L. donovani is human‐specific and may be responsible for large‐scale epidemics with a high fatality rate [37,52–55] (see also [7], this issue). Some ‘unorthodox’ expressions of the disease result from a peculiar presentation of classically visceralizing species (the L. donovani complex).…”

Section: Clinical Diversity and Disease Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pleiomorphism in human leishmaniases, with special mention of asymptomatic infection

Bañuls

Bastien

Pomarès

et al. 2011

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

100

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This review gives an update of current knowledge on the clinical pleiomorphism of Leishmania, with a special emphasis on the case of asymptomatic carriage. The first part describes the numerous unusual expressions of the disease that occur besides the classic (visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous) forms of leishmaniases. The second part deals with progress in the understanding of disease outcome in humans, and the possible future approaches to improve our knowledge in the field. The third part highlights the role of the too often neglected asymptomatic carrier compartment. This group could be key to understanding infraspecific differences in virulence and pathogenicity of the parasite, as well as identifying the genetic determinants involved in the expression of the disease.

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“…Epidemiological changes such as emergence of new endemic foci and spreads of leishmaniasis to new areas have been reported in different studies ( 6 , 17 - 21 ). Some cities including Tehran the capital of Iran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, Tabriz and Ahvaz are recognized as metropolises regarding vast extension to surrounding areas and population growth due to immigrations from rural regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Two Highly Endemic Metropolises of Iran, Application of FTA Cards for DNA Extraction From Giemsa-Stained Slides

Izadi

Mirhendi

Jalalizand³

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background:PCR has been used for confirmation of leishmaniasis in epidemiological studies, but complexity of DNA extraction and PCR approach has confined its routine use in developing countries.Objectives:In this study, recent epidemiological situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in two hyper-endemic metropolises of Shiraz and Isfahan in Iran was studied using DNA extraction by commercial FTA cards and kinetoplastid DNA (kDNA)-PCR amplification for detection/identification of Leishmania directly from stained skin scraping imprints.Patients and Methods:Fifty four and 30 samples were collected from clinically diagnosed CL patients referred to clinical laboratories of leishmaniasis control centers in Isfahan and Shiraz cities, respectively. The samples were examined by direct microscopy and then scrapings of the stained smears were applied to FTA cards and used directly as DNA source in a nested-PCR to amplify kDNA to detect and identify Leishmania species.Results:Fifty four of 84 (64.2%) slides obtained from patients had positive results microscopically, while 79/84 (94%) of slides had positive results by FTA card-nested-PCR. PCR and microscopy showed a sensitivity of 96.4% and 64.2% and specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively. Interestingly, Leishmania major as causative agent of zoonotic CL was identified in 100% and 90.7% of CL cases from Isfahan and Shiraz cities, respectively, but L. tropica was detected from only 9.3% of cases from Shiraz city. All cases from central regions of Shiraz were L. tropica and no CL case was found in Isfahan central areas.Conclusions:Filter paper-based DNA extraction can facilitate routine use of PCR for diagnosis of CL in research and diagnostic laboratories in Iran and countries with similar conditions. Epidemiologic changes including dominancy of L. major in suburbs of Shiraz and Isfahan metropolises where anthroponotic CL caused by L. tropica had been established, showed necessity of precise studies on CL epidemiology in old urban and newly added districts in the suburbs.

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Molecular Fingerprinting of Leishmania infantum Strains following an Outbreak of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Central Israel

Abstract: Human and canine visceral leishmaniasis caused by

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Serological and molecular survey of Leishmania parasites in apparently healthy dogs in the West Bank, Palestine

Serological and molecular survey of Leishmania parasites in apparently healthy dogs in the West Bank, Palestine

Clinical pleiomorphism in human leishmaniases, with special mention of asymptomatic infection

Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Two Highly Endemic Metropolises of Iran, Application of FTA Cards for DNA Extraction From Giemsa-Stained Slides

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