Molecular evolution of the telomere-associated MAL loci of Saccharomyces.

Charron, Maureen J.; Read, Evan; Haut, Sandrine; Michels, Corinne A.

doi:10.1093/genetics/122.2.307

Cited by 142 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In S. cerevisiae, the maltose gene cluster is composed of three genes, encoding the maltose transporter (permease; MAL1), maltase (MAL2), and transcription regulator (MAL3). 47,52 These genes are clustered in five well-described MAL loci located on subtelomeric regions. 47,52 A single MAL locus is sufficient to allow for maltose ll Current Biology 31, 722-732, February 22, 2021 725 Article fermentation.…”

Section: An Increased Copy Number Of Maltase and Isomaltasementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Two Main Domestication Trajectories in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Linked to Distinct Bread-Making Processes

et al. 2021

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Section: An Increased Copy Number Of Maltase and Isomaltasementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Two Main Domestication Trajectories in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Linked to Distinct Bread-Making Processes

et al. 2021

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“…Second, by copying or moving genes from relatively static internal chromosome regions to the highly dynamic chromosomes ends, those genes can now enjoy the enhanced evolutionary environment and, if this serves some adaptive benefit, they may persist there. There are manifold examples of niche-adaptation genes accumulating in subtelomeric regions ( Charron et al, 1989 ; Denayrolles et al, 1997 ; Barry et al, 2003 ) but until now has not been a satisfactory mechanistic explanation for how they find their way to the chromosome locations best suited for adaptive exploration. The capture of internal sequences during the repair of spontaneously compromised chromosome ends would provide such a route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere Roles in Fungal Genome Evolution and Adaptation

et al. 2021

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Telomeres form the ends of linear chromosomes and usually comprise protein complexes that bind to simple repeated sequence motifs that are added to the 3′ ends of DNA by the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). One of the primary functions attributed to telomeres is to solve the “end-replication problem” which, if left unaddressed, would cause gradual, inexorable attrition of sequences from the chromosome ends and, eventually, loss of viability. Telomere-binding proteins also protect the chromosome from 5′ to 3′ exonuclease action, and disguise the chromosome ends from the double-strand break repair machinery whose illegitimate action potentially generates catastrophic chromosome aberrations. Telomeres are of special interest in the blast fungus, Pyricularia, because the adjacent regions are enriched in genes controlling interactions with host plants, and the chromosome ends show enhanced polymorphism and genetic instability. Previously, we showed that telomere instability in some P. oryzae strains is caused by novel retrotransposons (MoTeRs) that insert in telomere repeats, generating interstitial telomere sequences that drive frequent, break-induced rearrangements. Here, we sought to gain further insight on telomeric involvement in shaping Pyricularia genome architecture by characterizing sequence polymorphisms at chromosome ends, and surrounding internalized MoTeR loci (relics) and interstitial telomere repeats. This provided evidence that telomere dynamics have played historical, and likely ongoing, roles in shaping the Pyricularia genome. We further demonstrate that even telomeres lacking MoTeR insertions are poorly preserved, such that the telomere-adjacent sequences exhibit frequent presence/absence polymorphism, as well as exchanges with the genome interior. Using TERT knockout experiments, we characterized chromosomal responses to failed telomere maintenance which suggested that much of the MoTeR relic-/interstitial telomere-associated polymorphism could be driven by compromised telomere function. Finally, we describe three possible examples of a phenomenon known as “Adaptive Telomere Failure,” where spontaneous losses of telomere maintenance drive rapid accumulation of sequence polymorphism with possible adaptive advantages. Together, our data suggest that telomere maintenance is frequently compromised in Pyricularia but the chromosome alterations resulting from telomere failure are not as catastrophic as prior research would predict, and may, in fact, be potent drivers of adaptive polymorphism.

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“…In contrast, Guy1 1 is a wild isolate and duplication of the telomereassociated sequence presumably occurred during the natural evolution of this strain. It is possible that other telomere-associated sequences are dispersed at chromosome ends as has been observed in members of the SUC (CARL.SON et al 1985), (CHARRON et al 1989 dispersed at telomeric locations in Saccharomyces cermisiae. This phenomenon may prove to be a common property of telomeres.…”

Section: Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and physical mapping of telomeres in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea.

Farman¹,

Leong²

1995

Genetics

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Telomeric restriction fragments were genetically mapped to a previously described linkage map of Magnaporthe grisea, using RFLPs identified by a synthetic probe. (TTAGGG)3. Frequent rearrangement of telomeric sequences was observed in progeny isolates creating a potential for misinterpretation of data. Therefore a consensus segregation data set used to minimize mapping errors. TWelve of the 14 telomeres were found to be genetically linked to existing RFLP markers. Second-dimensional electrophoresis of restricted chromosomes confirmed these linkage assignments and revealed the chromosomal location of the two unlinked telomeres. We were thus able to assign all 14 M. grisea telomeres to their respective chromosome ends. The Achilles' cleavage (AC) technique was employed to determine that chromosome 1 markers 11 and CH5-120H were approximately 1.8 Mb and 1.28 Mb, respectively, from their nearest telomeres. RecA-AC was also used to determine that unlinked telomere 6 was approximately 530 kb from marker CH5-176H in strain 2539 and 580 kb in Guy11. These experiments indicated that large portions of some chromosome ends are unrepresented by genetic markers and provided estimates of the relationship of genetic to physical distance in these regions of the genome.

show abstract

Molecular evolution of the telomere-associated MAL loci of Saccharomyces.

Cited by 142 publications

References 36 publications

Evidence for Two Main Domestication Trajectories in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Linked to Distinct Bread-Making Processes

Evidence for Two Main Domestication Trajectories in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Linked to Distinct Bread-Making Processes

Telomere Roles in Fungal Genome Evolution and Adaptation

Genetic and physical mapping of telomeres in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea.

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