Molecular evolution of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides: cloning of three NPY-related peptides from the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Endogenous Melanocortin Antagonist in Fish: Structure, Brain Mapping, and Regulation by Fasting of the Goldfish Agouti-Related Protein Gene

“…The aim of this study was to identify the structure of AGRP gene in goldfish, map and detect AGRP mRNA expression in the brain and peripheral tissues, and determine the effects of changes in energy status on AGRP mRNA expression. To resolve both 5Ј and 3Ј ends of goldfish AGRP cDNA, 5Ј and 3Ј rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR was performed as described earlier (24). For 3Ј RACE PCR cDNA was synthesized using dT-adapter primer (5Ј-GGC CAC GCG TCG ACT AGT AC(T) 17 -3Ј).…”

Characterization of neuropeptide Y in snakeskin gourami and the change in its expression due to feeding status and melanocortin 4 receptor expression

“…In contrast, the highest level of NPY expression in the orange spotted grouper was found in the hypothalamus [9]. In addition, constitutive NPY expression was observed in the forebrain region (i.e., telencephalon and hypothalamus) of winter flounder, salmon and sea bass [5,29,44]. Taken together, the distribution of NPY-expressing cells in the telencephalon and diencephalon, which are involved in the regulation of food intake in vertebrates [33,35,44], appears to be similar in many fish species, which suggests a conserved function of NPY in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in fish.…”

“…Although the prepro-TpNPY peptide exhibits a variable degree of similarity with the NPY peptides of other species, a maximal similarity was observed in mature peptide regions among teleosts. Moreover, the mature TpNPY sequence is completely identical to the NPY sequence of other fish, such as black porgy, mandarin fish, Nile tilapia, sea bass [5], Chinese perch [27] and tiger puffer [18]. The mature TpNPY peptide exhibited conserved aa residues, including Pro 2 , Pro 5 , Pro 8 , Tyr 20 and Tyr 27 , which are known to be crucial for the maintenance of the peptide conformation of the NPY family [6].…”

“…Recently, NPY has been characterized in a number of fish, including the goldfish, sea bass, catfish, Japanese flounder, orange spotted grouper, rainbow trout, Atlantic cod, Chinese perch winter flounder, salmon, and tiger puffer [1][2]5,9,18,21,23,26,27,29,32]. Among vertebrates, the fish family exhibits a significant amount of species diversity compared to other families.…”

Evolutionary and Comparative Genomics to Drive Rational Drug Design, with Particular Focus on Neuropeptide Seven-Transmembrane Receptors

“…Syntenic analysis involves the comparison of the locations of orthologous or paralogous genes between chromosomes, within or among species, which facilitates more accurate analyses of the origins and relationships of individual peptide-7TMR families (Cerda-Reverter et al ., 2000; Lagerstrom et al ., 2005; Lee et al ., 2009; Kim et al ., 2011, 2012; Dores, 2013; Osugi et al ., 2014). However, small scale synteny analysis is only suitable for determining the evolutionary history of closely related families.…”