Molecular evolution and characterization of domestic duck (Anas platyrynchos) and Goose (Anser indicus) with reference to its wild relatives through whole mitochondrial genome sequencing

Abstract

It is important to study the evolution and domestication of the domesticated duck (Anas platyrynchos) population from the wide range of wild relatives of Anas spp. Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing was attempted for Anas platyrynchos (Bengal duck) and Anser indicus (goose) from same geographical region. The study deals with the Molecular evolution of domestic duck based on mitochondrial gene due to its sequence variability, and to find out the phylogenetic relationships among Anas platyrynchos and its wild relatives. In this study we have used 45 wild species of Anas spp to study the mitochondrial genes and phylogenomics. Our result signifies that duck species were effectively discriminated with respect to mitochondrial genes, which could then be used for an appropriate genetic conservation program for the wild duck and domestic duck breeds. The DNA sequences from any unknown sample of the mitochondrial gene may be determined and can compare with those on a DNA database and can do blast for phylogenetic analysis of unknown wild duck, which gives its future scope. In silico analysis for 3D structure for Anas platyrynchos with the closest relative as Anas poecilorhyncha (Indian spot-billed duck) was attempted. Anas platyrynchos was also compared with Anser indicus. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of West Bengal wild ducks with reference to its wild relatives based on mitochondrial gene.

Mitochondrial genes affect the immune response against bacterial infection (Duck Pasteurellosis) through a cascade of mechanisms mediated by nuclear immune genes-a cross talk with nuclear and mitochondrial gene

“…Mitochondrial genes not only help through oxidative phosphorylation, but it also help in other series of metabolic processes, including calcium 13 and iron 14 metabolic pathways. We have already reported certain preliminary works 15 involving all the 37 mitochondrial genes in duck through next generation sequencing approach of Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing 16,17 . Apart from it, we had also studied duck genomics 18–20 .…”

Molecular phylogenetic analysis for Ovis aries with whole mitochondrial genome sequencing

“…We had explored and documented a new sheep breed from Birbhum district of West Bengal, and declared as “Birbhum sheep” 16 . We had studied mitochondrial genes from other livestock as pig 17,18 and poultry as duck 19–21 and goose 21–22 .…”

“…It is better to study molecular evolution with mitochondrial genes, since they lack intron and are maternally inherited. In our lab, we have studied whole mitochondrial genome sequencing for Ghungroo pig 18 , Bengal duck 19–21 and Goose 21–22 .…”