Molecular evidence of new freshwater turtle blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in the intermediate snail host Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981 in an urban aquatic ecosystem in Brazil

A checklist of larval Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) in molluscs from inland waters of Argentina: one hundred years of research

“…Most of the molluscan hosts recorded are also present in these countries, and some of them are of health and zoonotic interest. For instance, the genus Biomphalaria is found in Brazil (Ciccheto et al , 2021; Mesquita et al , 2021; among others) and F. hepatica is present in Bolivia and Brazil (Mas-Coma et al , 2020; Schwantes et al , 2020; Silva et al , 2020; among others). Moreover, some of the birds and mammals that act as definitive hosts, such as Otaria flavescens in Chile and Brazil (Pereira et al , 2013; Hermosilla et al , 2018), and Laurus dominicanus in Chile (Gonzalez-Acuna et al , 2009), are known to migrate in the southern part of the American continent.…”

Helminth Infection of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle Caretta caretta along the Coasts of Sicily and the North West Adriatic Sea

“…The same arguments could be made for Spirorchiidae flukes Hapalotrema mistroides, found exclusively in Adriatic samples, although, unlike S. sulcata, these blood flukes showed a complex life cycle involving up to two hosts [ 41 ]. In fact, as pointed out by Chapman et al [ 41 ], to date very little is known about the intermediate hosts of marine blood flukes, even if it is known that blood fluke infection is by direct penetration of the cercaria into the sea turtles [ 42 ]. As previously reported for bivalve molluscs, the Adriatic Sea has, compared to the Sicilian coasts, also greater quantities of gastropod molluscs which are part of the diet of the Adriatic loggerhead sea turtles [ 21 , 35 ].…”