MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY TO UNDERSTAND THE SARS-CoV-2 EMERGENCE IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON REGION

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil has demonstrated an important public health impact, as has been observed in the world. In Brazil, the Amazon Region contributed with a large number of cases of COVID-19, especially in the beginning of the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the country. Thus, we describe the epidemiological profile of COVID-19 and the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in the Amazon Region. We observe an extensive spread of virus in this Brazilian site. The data on sex, age and symptoms presented by the investigated individuals were similar to what has been observed worldwide. The genomic analysis of the viruses revealed important amino acid changes, including the D614G and the I33T in Spike and ORF6 proteins, respectively. The latter found in strains originating in Brazil. The phylogenetic analyzes demonstrated the circulation of the lineages B.1 and B.1.1, whose circulation in Brazil has already been previous reported. Our data reveals molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the Amazon Region. These findings also reinforce the importance of continuous genomic surveillance this virus with the aim of providing accurate and updated data to understand and map the transmission network of this agent in order to subsidize operational decisions in public health.

Safety and efficacy of orally administered full-spectrum medicinal cannabis plant extract 0.08% THC (NTI-164) in children with autism spectrum disorder: An open-label study

“…Similarly, several cohort studies in children using full-spectrum products have demonstrated significant overall improvement in ASD symptoms reported by parents [52][53][54]56] and clinicians [55,57]. Specifically, we found that almost half of treated children with ASD showed reduced disruptive behaviour consistent with other studies that have demonstrated improvement in behavioural problems ranging from 32% to 90%, including adaptive behaviours, self-injury and hyperactivity [53,57,59]. Social interaction and communication have also significantly improved following treatment with fullspectrum cannabis extract in children with ASD-related symptoms [52,[55][56][57].…”

“…Social interaction and communication have also significantly improved following treatment with fullspectrum cannabis extract in children with ASD-related symptoms [52,[55][56][57]. In addition, two randomised controlled trials have shown that cannabinoid treatment, compared to placebo in children, was safe with acceptable tolerability and effective at reducing ASD-associated disruptive behaviours [58,59]. However, compared to pure cannabinoids, there was no apparent difference with improvements observed for treatment with whole-plant extract after 12 weeks.…”

“…However, there is limited evidence from clinical trials to support the potential therapeutic benefits of this non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid for pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders [51]. Only three randomised controlled studies have been published on medicinal cannabis use in children with ASD; two were short-term [58,59], and the other only reported sleep outcomes [60]. Additionally, most studies on this topic are openlabel observational or retrospective design [52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

Deciphering the introduction and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Colombian Amazon Basin

“…While limited studies have investigated the distinct SARS-CoV-2 transmission events in South America [24,25,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54], only one has utilized genomic data to characterize viral spread in the Amazon basin region in Brazil [53]. We present the first study of SARS-CoV-2 spread within the Colombian Amazon basin region, whose communities are culturally and ethnically rich, but are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases [10][11][12][13].…”

Lípides séricos, seus ritmos biológicos e fatores moduladores em uma população de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

“…Ainda não tão bem exploradas, várias patologias já foram descritas com padrões oscilatórios ligados às estações do ano, como algumas doenças psiquiátricas (69,70), autoimunes (71,72), respiratórias (73,74) e também as cardiovasculares (75)(76)(77)(78).…”