Molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in Colombia: evidence for human and dog rabies associated with bats

Páez, Andrés; Núñez, Constanza; García, Clemencia; Bóshell, Jorge

doi:10.1099/vir.0.18899-0

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…La población colombiana se ha visto afectada históricamente por brotes urbanos y de origen silvestre (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). El brote urbano más reciente ocurrió en los años 2006-2008 en el Distrito Turístico de Santa Marta, departamento del Magdalena, el cual cobró la vida de cuatro humanos y de decenas de perros (10).…”

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Evaluación de la seroconversión como respuesta a la vacunación antirrábica en perros en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2009

Páez

Hernández²,

Escobar

et al. 2011

biomedica

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Resultados. El 9,1 % de los perros de la muestra fueron seronegativos y el 25,1 % no evidenciaron respuesta inmunitaria humoral adecuada a la vacunación. La concentración de anticuerpos disminuyó gradualmente desde la aplicación de la vacuna, y estuvo asociada a edad y calidad de las vacunas, aunque no estuvo asociada a sexo ni a raza. Conclusiones. Con el fin de aumentar los porcentajes de perros seropositivos y con respuesta inmunitaria humoral adecuada, se hacen las siguientes recomendaciones: 1) utilizar vacunas antirrábicas viables; 2) aplicar dos dosis de vacuna durante los primeros seis meses de vida de los cachorros; 3) aplicar refuerzos de vacuna, por lo menos, una vez al año; 4) que las autoridades vigilen las actividades y los procesos programáticos relacionados con la vacunación antirrábica por particulares.Palabras clave: vacunas antirrábicas, virus de la rabia, Lyssavirus, zoonosis, vigilancia epidemiológica, inmunidad, Colombia. Evaluation of the seroconversion as a response to rabies vaccination in dogs, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2009Introduction. The province of Valle del Cauca has been free of dog rabies for more than 20 years. However, sylvatic rabies foci remain which are threats to the health of the populace and its pets. Rabies vaccination campaigns are carried out annually in all 42 counties of the province. Objectives. The impact of dog vaccination was evaluated on the basis of humoral immunoresponse, population parameters and correlation with variables inherent to the vaccination process and logistics. Materials and methods. Sera and associated data were obtained from each of the 42 counties for a total sample of 569 rabies-vaccinated dogs. Rabies neutralizing antibodies were measured by quantitative ELISA. The data were analyzed with the statistical programs in Epi-Info 6.0.Results. Nearly 10% of dogs were seronegative (9.1%) and an additional 25.1% did not elicit an adequate humoral immune response to vaccination. Concentration of rabies neutralizing antibodies diminished gradually with the time after vaccination and was correlated with dog age and vaccine quality. No associations were noted between dog gender or breed. Conclusions. These data permit the following recommendations: (1) only viable, non expired rabies vaccines must be used to immunize animals, (2) two doses of rabies vaccine must be applied during the first six months of dog life, (3) booster immunizations must be administered every year, (4) practices

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“…El número de perros vacunados contra la rabia en 2009 fue de 361.574, lo que corresponde a una cobertura promedio de vacunación de 90 % en todos los municipios (Secretaría de Salud Valle del Cauca, 2009). La transmisión de la rabia en el ecosistema silvestre de este departamento ha representado una constante amenaza para perros y humanos (7,13,14).…”

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Evaluación de la seroconversión como respuesta a la vacunación antirrábica en perros en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2009

Páez

Hernández²,

Escobar

et al. 2011

biomedica

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“…In 2002, Favi et al [5] reported that insectivorous bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) RV variant was isolated from a human patient in Chile. In Colombia and Venezuela insectivorous bat RV variants were also isolated from dogs and cats, which were main RVtransmitters to human [2,14]. Although some kinds of insectivorous bats have been diagnosed as RV-positive in Brazil, there have been no reports of the human case on infection with insectivorous bat RV variants until now.…”

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Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bat Rabies Viruses in Brazil

Kobayashi

Sato

Shoji

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A molecular epidemiological analysis was performed in 19 rabies viruses (RVs) isolated from haematophagous, frugivorous and insectivorous bats, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The authors carried out RT-PCR for amplification of the RV nucleoprotein (N) gene, and determined 1,335 nucleotide sequences of N gene by direct sequencing method. Phylogenetic analysis, which was based on the N gene of Brazilian RV isolates identified presently and previously, revealed that RVs isolated from bats were genetically divided into four lineages had a tendency to depend on the host bat species. Rabies viruses (RVs) isolated in Brazil belong to genotype 1 of genus lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Ito et al. [7,8] reported that main reservoirs of RVs were dogs and vampire bats and that the RVs were classified into dogrelated RVs and vampire bat-related RVs in Brazil. In some areas of Brazil, the rabies outbreaks by both dog-and batrelated RVs occurred at the same time [7]. RVs have been isolated from not only haematophagous bats but also frugivorous and insectivorous bats in Brazil. In Argentina, RVs isolated from frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus) were identified to be the variant of RV associated with haematophagous bats by use of the monoclonal antibody panels [4]. Recently we have demonstrated that RVs isolated from Brazilian frugivorous bats (Artibeus spp.) were phylogenetically characterized as the vampire bat-related RV [18].There are many reports of human cases on infection with insectivorous bat RVs, and the number of the cases tend to increase in North America [10][11][12]. In 2002, Favi et al. [5] reported that insectivorous bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) RV variant was isolated from a human patient in Chile. In Colombia and Venezuela insectivorous bat RV variants were also isolated from dogs and cats, which were main RVtransmitters to human [2,14]. Although some kinds of insectivorous bats have been diagnosed as RV-positive in Brazil, there have been no reports of the human case on infection with insectivorous bat RV variants until now. RVpositive insectivorous bats were, however, found in urban areas, and this fact has been considered as important problems in public health [1,6,17,21].As there is little information about the genetic characteristics of bat-related RVs in Brazil, authors determined nucleotide sequences on the N gene of RVs isolated from 9 Brazilian bat species. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed for the epidemiological study with the isolates identified previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viruses:In this study, 19 RVs were isolated from 3 haematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus), 1 frugivorous bat (Artibeus lituratus), 13 insectivorous bats (3 Nyctinomops laticaudatus, 2 Eumops auripendulus, 4 Eptesicus furinalis, 2 Molossus molossus, 1 Molossus abrasus and 1 Molossus rufus) and 2 unclassified bats, and their nucleoprotein gene sequences were determined. Brain materials from these bats were diagnosed as RV-positive by immunofluorescent antibody test (FAT) using a rabbit polyclonal anti-rabies nucle...

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“…El brote de rabia transmitida por murciélagos hematófagos a humanos en la comunidad de Birrinchao, cuenca del río Purricha, municipio de Bajo Baudó, descrito en el presente artículo es el primero de gran magnitud reportado en Colombia. Existen, sin embargo, evidencias indirectas de casos aislados de rabia transmitida por quirópteros a caninos y humanos en Colombia (27). Se desconoce si dicho brote tuvo vínculos con el brote reportado en enero de 2005 en las comunidades de Pató y Nauca del municipio aledaño de Alto Baudó, en el cual se reportaron tres muertes humanas.…”

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Brotes de rabia humana transmitida por vampiros en los municipios de Bajo y Alto Baudó, departamento del Chocó, Colombia 2004-2005

et al. 2006

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Molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in Colombia: evidence for human and dog rabies associated with bats

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluación de la seroconversión como respuesta a la vacunación antirrábica en perros en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2009

Evaluación de la seroconversión como respuesta a la vacunación antirrábica en perros en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 2009

Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bat Rabies Viruses in Brazil

Brotes de rabia humana transmitida por vampiros en los municipios de Bajo y Alto Baudó, departamento del Chocó, Colombia 2004-2005

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