Molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species in healthcare workers of a blood bank in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract

Background Healthcare workers are susceptible to colonization by multiresistant bacteria, which can increase the risk of outbreaks. Methods Samples were collected from the nasopharynx, hands, and lab coats of healthcare workers. The phenotypic identification was carried out using a VITEK®2 rapid test system. PCR tests for the mecA gene and the sequencing of the amplicons were performed. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus phylogenies were reconstructed using the Bayesian inference. Results A total of 225 healthcare workers participated in this study. Of these, 21.3% were male and 78.7% female. S. epidermidis and S.aureus showed high levels of resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and cefoxitin. The prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus was 3.16% and methicillin resistant S. epidermidis was 100%. Multilocus sequence typing identified 23 new S. epidermidis sequence types, and one new allele and sequence type for S. aureus. The frequency of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis in nursing and hemotherapy technicians as a percentage of the total number of healthcare workers was 5.8–3.1%, while the frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus in hemotherapy technicians and biomedics, as a percentage of the total number of healthcare workers was 4.2–8.9%%. Conclusions The healthcare workers at the city’s blood bank, even when taking the necessary care with their hands, body and clothes, harbour methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis sequence types, which, as a potential source of multidrug resistant bacteria, can contribute to nosocomial infections among hematological patients.

Whole-Genome Analysis of Extensively Drug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Isolated from a Patient with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

“…This indicates that E. hormaechei is the most prevalent species among clinical isolates of the ECC complex [ 20 ], which is responsible for 65–75% of the hospital infections worldwide [ 45 ] and has thus emerged as an extremely relevant hospital pathogen. Both blood infections and colonization caused by these pathogens can be facilitated by environmental contamination and the relaxation of hospital infection control practices among health professionals [ 46 , 47 ] because this constant exposure makes them easily colonized by multidrug-resistant bacteria on the skin or in the nose and thus are important transmission vectors and sources of hospital outbreaks. Therefore, due to the ease of the adaptation of E. hormaechei to the hospital environment, serving as a reservoir for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in hospital infections [ 45 ], this species is a pathogen of great threat to human health, requiring the adoption and constant monitoring of preventive measures and patient management in order to avoid outbreaks of hospital infections.…”

Revisión Bibliográfica sobre la Presencia de Staphylococcus Aureus Meticilinoresistentes en Personal de la Salud

“…Un estudio longitudinal ejecutado en Perú, nos ha demostrado que dentro del personal de la salud existen tipos de profesiones que muestran una mayor prevalencia de SARM, auxiliares de enfermería en porcentajes de 12,5%, y médicos del 6 %, lo que se demuestra que el tener un contacto directo y más prolongado en términos de tiempo predispone un riesgo (García et al, 2016), las profesiones más afectadas en los distintas investigaciones analizadas fueron personal de enfermería (Ferreira et al, 2021) médicos y enfermeras (Boncompain et al, 2016).…”

Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Infection: A Study from Jordan

“…39,40 Many other risk factors were identified to increase the incidence of MDR even in people as carriers, such as travel history to areas endemic with MDR, health occupations, comorbidities including DM and inflammatory bowel disease, immunosuppressive drugs and chemotherapy, AIDS, cystic fibrosis and extreme of ages. [41][42][43][44] Nowadays, worldwide measures are taken to decrease the risk for MDR. 45,46 In the present study, most of the isolates with MDR were Acinetobacter baumannii, which can present into three distinct clinical entities.…”