Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in China, 1995–2003

Yan, Zhang; Zhu, Zhen; Rota, Paul A.; Jiang, Xiaohong; Hu, Jiayu; Wang, Jianguo; Tang, Wei; Zhang, Zhenying; Li, Congyong; Wang, Changyin; Wang, Tongzhan; Zheng, Lei; Tian, Hong; Ling, Hua; Zhao, Chunfang; Lin, Chunyan; He, Jun; Jiang, Tian; Li, Ping; Guan, Ronghui; He, Wenqi; Zhou, Jian; Liu, Guiyan; Zhang, Hong; Yan, Xiang; Yang, Xuelei; Zhang, Jinlin; Lu, Yi‐Yu; Zhou, Shunde; Ba, Zhuoma; Liu, Wei; Yang, Xin; Ma, Yanhui; Liang, Yong; Li, Yeqiang; Ji, Yixin; Featherstone, David; Bellini, William J.; Xu, Songtao; Liang, Guodong; Xu, Wenbo

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-4-14

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Molecular surveillance of wild-type MeVs from 1993 to 2008 based on analysis of the 450 nucleotides coding for the carboxyl-terminus of the N gene indicated that genotype H1 cluster1 viruses were continuously circulating in China [6], [9], [10]. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on the H gene sequences, confirmed the analysis based on the N-450 sequences that genotype H1 cluster1 viruses were the predominant strains in China during 1993–2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Genetic Characterization of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Wild-Type Measles Virus Circulating in China, 1993–2009

Yan

Zhu

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundChina experienced several large measles outbreaks in the past two decades, and a series of enhanced control measures were implemented to achieve the goal of measles elimination. Molecular epidemiologic surveillance of wild-type measles viruses (MeV) provides valuable information about the viral transmission patterns. Since 1993, virologic surveillnace has confirmed that a single endemic genotype H1 viruses have been predominantly circulating in China. A component of molecular surveillance is to monitor the genetic characteristics of the hemagglutinin (H) gene of MeV, the major target for virus neutralizing antibodies.Principal FindingsAnalysis of the sequences of the complete H gene from 56 representative wild-type MeV strains circulating in China during 1993–2009 showed that the H gene sequences were clustered into 2 groups, cluster 1 and cluster 2. Cluster1 strains were the most frequently detected cluster and had a widespread distribution in China after 2000. The predicted amino acid sequences of the H protein were relatively conserved at most of the functionally significant amino acid positions. However, most of the genotype H1 cluster1 viruses had an amino acid substitution (Ser240Asn), which removed a predicted N-linked glycosylation site. In addition, the substitution of Pro397Leu in the hemagglutinin noose epitope (HNE) was identified in 23 of 56 strains. The evolutionary rate of the H gene of the genotype H1 viruses was estimated to be approximately 0.76×10−3 substitutions per site per year, and the ratio of dN to dS (dN/dS) was <1 indicating the absence of selective pressure.ConclusionsAlthough H genes of the genotype H1 strains were conserved and not subjected to selective pressure, several amino acid substitutions were observed in functionally important positions. Therefore the antigenic and genetic properties of H genes of wild-type MeVs should be monitored as part of routine molecular surveillance for measles in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Genetic Characterization of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Wild-Type Measles Virus Circulating in China, 1993–2009

Yan

Zhu

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…The genetic analysis of wild-type measles isolated in 2006 and 2007 indicated that cluster 1 is still the most frequently detected lineage in China. There were no cluster 2 viruses isolated during 2006-2007, compared with 26.9% of all strains detected in 1993-2000 and 5.4% in 2001-2005 [12,13,15,16]. This finding suggested that measles vaccination programme was able to reduce the genetic diversity of circulating measles virus from 1993 to 2007 in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses isolated in China, 2006-2007

Yan

et al. 2010

Virol J

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Molecular characterization of wild-type measles viruses in China during 1995-2004 demonstrated that genotype H1 was endemic and widely distributed throughout the country. H1-associated cases and outbreaks caused a resurgence of measles beginning in 2005. A total of 210,094 measles cases and 101 deaths were reported by National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System (NNDRS) and Chinese Measles Laboratory Network (LabNet) from 2006 to 2007, and the incidences of measles were 6.8/100,000 population and 7.2/100,000 population in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Five hundred and sixty-five wild-type measles viruses were isolated from 24 of 31 provinces in mainland China during 2006 and 2007, and all of the wild type virus isolates belonged to cluster 1 of genotype H1. These results indicated that H1-cluster 1 viruses were the predominant viruses circulating in China from 2006 to 2007. This study contributes to previous efforts to generate critical baseline data about circulating wild-type measles viruses in China that will allow molecular epidemiologic studies to help measure the progress made toward China's goal of measles elimination by 2012.

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“…In the areas with high vaccination coverage, the incidence rate dropped further to less than 8/100,000 during 1995-2003 [24]. Nevertheless, measles continues to pose a substantial risk to the public health in China, with two outbreaks identified during 1986-1994 and 2005-2008 [1,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles incidence rate and a phylogenetic study of contemporary genotype H1 measles strains in China: is an improved measles vaccine needed?

et al. 2011

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The incidence of measles in China has increased over the last decade. To evaluate the genetic variation of measles strains, 16 measles wild-type virus strains were isolated from 14 vaccinated cases and 2 nonvaccinated cases in Jilin Province during 2005-2006, and their nucleoprotein (N) and hemagglutinin (H) genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The amplified products were sequenced and compared with the Edmonston virus and the existing vaccine strains (Changchun-47 and Shanghai-191). The results showed that the variation rate between the vaccine and wild-type strains was 9.8-12.0% in the N gene and 5.9-6.9% in the H gene, respectively. In addition, cross-neutralization assays revealed that although sera obtained from infants following primary vaccination effectively neutralized vaccine strains, the capacity in neutralizing H1 wild-type measles virus isolates was decreased fourfold. Antigenic ratios testing revealed that the antigenic relatedness between wild-type measles viruses and existing vaccine strains was notably low. These data suggest that the increased incidence of measles in Jilin Province may be attributed to the antigenic drift between wild-type and vaccine strains. Our findings strengthen the recommendation of supplemental immunization with existing vaccines and also strongly suggest a need for developing new vaccines to better control measles virus outbreaks.

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Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in China, 1995–2003

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Genetic Characterization of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Wild-Type Measles Virus Circulating in China, 1993–2009

Genetic Characterization of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Wild-Type Measles Virus Circulating in China, 1993–2009

Genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses isolated in China, 2006-2007

Measles incidence rate and a phylogenetic study of contemporary genotype H1 measles strains in China: is an improved measles vaccine needed?

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