Molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease virus in the Near East and Persian Gulf regions

First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Genotype A2dB1b) in Egypt

“…Currently, novel variant strains do not seem to be circulating in countries neighboring Egypt. A recent epidemiological survey conducted in the Near and Middle East highlighted the circulation of A3B1, A3B2, A4B1 and A6B1 IBDVs [52], whereas the most recent studies conducted in Northeast Africa suggest that very virulent IBDVs still represent the main threat in the area [53,54]. Nonetheless, further monitoring activities, to be conducted not only in Egypt but also in countries where A2dB1b strains may be circulating undetected, are required to shed light on their diffusion and to track their potential spread to new territories.…”

Exploring Variability: Inflammation Mediator Levels across Tissues and Time in Poultry Experimentally Infected by the G1a and G6 Genogroups of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV)

“…The experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with an ITA genotype strain highlighted its aggressiveness towards lymphoid tissues, affecting not only the bursa of Fabricius, despite a subclinical course [14]. Following their identification in Italy, G6 strains were also reported in Middle Eastern countries as well [10,15], further substantiating their epidemiological relevance.…”

Protective effects of rabbit sacculus-derived antimicrobial peptides on SPF chicken against infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus

“…Infectious bursal disease virus ( IBDV ), the causative agent of infectious bursal disease ( IBD ), is one of the most concerning and worrying infectious diseases in the poultry industry ( Becht & Müller, 1991 ; Berg, 2000 ; Huang et al, 2022 ; Nunoya et al, 1992 ). IBDV infection easily leads to the immunodepression of chickens and increases the susceptibility to infection from opportunistic pathogens, thereby reducing the growth rates of surviving chickens and finally causing enormous worldwide economic loss ( Becht & Müller, 1991 ; Nunoya et al, 1992 ; Berg, 2000 ; Setta et al, 2023 ; Legnardi et al, 2024 ). Very virulent IBDV ( vvIBDV ), a variant that spread around the world and emerged as a seriously threatening poultry industry ( Snyder et al, 1992 ; Huang et al, 2022 ; Setta et al, 2023 ; Legnardi et al, 2024 ).…”

“…IBDV infection easily leads to the immunodepression of chickens and increases the susceptibility to infection from opportunistic pathogens, thereby reducing the growth rates of surviving chickens and finally causing enormous worldwide economic loss ( Becht & Müller, 1991 ; Nunoya et al, 1992 ; Berg, 2000 ; Setta et al, 2023 ; Legnardi et al, 2024 ). Very virulent IBDV ( vvIBDV ), a variant that spread around the world and emerged as a seriously threatening poultry industry ( Snyder et al, 1992 ; Huang et al, 2022 ; Setta et al, 2023 ; Legnardi et al, 2024 ). Our previous studies demonstrated that vvIBDV-infection can cause an acute inflammatory lesion in the bursa of Fabricius of SPF chickens ( Wang et al, 2008 ), moreover, we also found impaired intestinal mucosal immunity contributed to the disease progression of vvIBDV-challenged birds ( Wang et al, 2009c ).…”