Molecular epidemiology of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 transmission in Okinawa, Japan.

Kakuda, Kyoji; Ikematsu, Hideyuki; Chong, Wen Li Yong; Hayashi, Jun; Kashiwagi, Seizaburo

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.404

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…they did not cluster separately from the larger subgroup D cluster (Figure 1)). Both of these features would have been expected if the virus in these three subjects had been transmitted by infected blood in such a ceremony [45], [46]. Thus, although a traditional circumcision ceremony has the potential to spread blood borne viruses, the phylogenetic data clearly do not support the idea that this ceremony was the source of HTLV-1 infection of these young men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Molecular Epidemiology of Endemic Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in a Rural Community in Guinea-Bissau

et al. 2012

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Background Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) infection causes lethal adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and severely debilitating HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in up to 5% of infected adults. HTLV-1 is endemic in parts of Africa and the highest prevalence in West Africa (5%) has been reported in Caio, a rural area in the North-West of Guinea-Bissau. It is not known which HTLV-1 variants are present in this community. Sequence data can provide insights in the molecular epidemiology and help to understand the origin and spread of HTLV-1. Objective To gain insight into the molecular diversity of HTLV-1 in West Africa. Methods HTLV-1 infected individuals were identified in community surveys between 1990–2007. The complete Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) and p24 coding region of HTLV-1 was sequenced from infected subjects. Socio-demographic data were obtained from community census and from interviews performed by fieldworkers. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to characterize the relationship between the Caio HTLV-1 and HTLV-1 from other parts of the world. Results LTR and p24 sequences were obtained from 72 individuals (36 LTR, 24 p24 only and 12 both). Consistent with the low evolutionary change of HTLV-1, many of the sequences from unrelated individuals showed 100% nucleotide identity. Most (45 of 46) of the LTR sequences clustered with the Cosmopolitan HTLV-1 subtype 1a, subgroup D (1aD). LTR and p24 sequences from two subjects were divergent and formed a significant cluster with HTLV-1 subtype 1g, and with the most divergent African Simian T-cell Lymphotropic Virus, Tan90. Conclusions The Cosmopolitan HTLV-1 1aD predominates in this rural West African community. However, HTLV-1 subtype 1g is also present. This subtype has not been described before in West Africa and may be more widespread than previously thought. These data are in line with the hypothesis that multiple monkey-to-man zoonotic events are contributing to HTLV-1 diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Molecular Epidemiology of Endemic Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in a Rural Community in Guinea-Bissau

et al. 2012

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“…Individuals who acquire HTLV-1 by blood transfusion are more likely to develop the chronic inflammatory disorder HAM/TSP (Osame et al, 1990), while individuals who acquire the virus during breast feeding are more likely to develop the T cell malignancy ATL (Kakuda et al, 2002). While this could reflect a number of other factors (including age of infection, amount of virus acquired during transmission, and immune response), it has been suggested that these different methods of infection result in different populations of infected cells, which in turn influences which disease a given infected individual is more likely to develop.…”

Section: Transmission By Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1

Pique¹,

Jones²

2012

Front. Microbio.

124

133

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The deltaretroviruses human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) have long been believed to differ from retroviruses in other genera by their mode of transmission. While other retroviruses were thought to primarily spread by producing cell-free particles that diffuse through extracellular fluids prior to binding to and infecting target cells, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were believed to transmit the virus solely by cell–cell interactions. This difference in transmission was believed to reflect the fact that, relative to other retroviruses, the cell-free virions produced by HTLV-infected cells are very poorly infectious. Since HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are primarily found in T cells in the peripheral blood, spread of these viruses was believed to occur between infected and uninfected, T cells, although little was known about the cellular and viral proteins involved in this interaction. Recent studies have revealed that the method of transmission of HTLV is not unique: other retroviruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also transmitted from cell-to-cell, and this method is dramatically more efficient than cell-free transmission. Moreover, cell–cell transmission of HTLV-1, as well as HIV, can occur following interactions between dendritic cells and T cells, as well as between T cells. Conversely, other studies have shown that cell-free HTLV-1 is not as poorly infectious as previously thought, since it is capable of infecting certain cell types. Here we summarize the recent insights about the mechanisms of cell–cell transmission of HTLV-1 and other retroviruses. We also review in vitro and in vivo studies of infection and discuss how these finding may relate to the spread of HTLV-1 between individuals.

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“…Mother/child and spouse pairs from Okinawa (Japan) have been shown to be infected with highly conserved viruses upon direct sequencing of viral genome (Kakuda, Ikematsu, Chong, Hayashi, & Kashiwagi, 2002). Studies in France (Gessain, Gallo, & Franchini, 1992) the Solomon Islands (Nerurkar, Song, Saitou, Melland, & Yanagihara, 1993) and Zaire (LIU, et al, 1994) have shown similarly low genomic variability based upon the less accurate sequencing of PCR products.…”

Section: Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus-1 (Htlv1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Lymphoid Malignancy in Asia

Mozaheb¹

2012

Epidemiology Insights

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Molecular epidemiology of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 transmission in Okinawa, Japan.

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Endemic Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in a Rural Community in Guinea-Bissau

Molecular Epidemiology of Endemic Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in a Rural Community in Guinea-Bissau

Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1

Epidemiology of Lymphoid Malignancy in Asia

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