Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rotaviruses in Latin America

Role of Noroviruses in Sporadic Acute Gastroenteritis Cases from Children Attending a Large Referral Children’s Hospital in Buenos Aires City, Argentina

“…20 In Argentina, around 1-1.25 million cases of acute gastroenteritis are reported each year in the public health sector, half of which occur in children under 5 years, resulting in a rate of 1450-1680 per 10,000 and rotavirus has been identified as the most common etiologic agent of diarrheal cases in that age group. 21,22 However, results from sentinel surveillance for gastroenteritis showed 40%-60% of acute episodes in children remained undiagnosed. 23 After routine rotavirus vaccination was incorporated to the National Immunization Program in 2015 (2 doses of monovalent vaccine at 2 and 4 months of age), rapid and significant decline in rotavirus infection numbers was observed, 24 suggesting NV could now be the leading cause of acute diarrhea in children, as has occurred in other countries after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines.…”

Multicenter Study of Rotavirus Infection, Diversity of Circulating Genotypes and Clinical Outcomes in Children ≤5 Years Old in Iran

“…[2][3][4] In developing countries, RVA infection ranges from 30.8% to 40.78% (Mean, 34.39%), [5][6][7] which is higher than in industrial countries (ranges between 5.5% and 24%) (Mean, 14.23%). [8][9][10] The distribution of RVA genotypes may be influenced by diversity in climates, host genetics, immune status, geography, health conditions, socioeconomic status and vaccine types. Vaccination of children against RVA is recommended as a priority for countries with a high incidence of diarrhea, although its introduction into vaccination programs has not been primarily addressed in low and middle-income countries.…”