Molecular Epidemiology of Human Enteric Caliciviruses in The Netherlands

Koopmans, Marion; Vinjé, Jan; Duizer, Erwin; M, de Wit; Y, van Duijnhoven

doi:10.1002/0470846534.ch12

Cited by 78 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, the incidence of general practitioner consultations for norovirus was only slightly lower than that from a recent study in Germany, which used RT-PCR diagnosis for norovirus, but again this study had a narrower case definition for IID (2 or more loose stools, or 2 or more vomiting episodes in 24 hours) (21). The incidence of norovirus-associated IID may also have been higher than normal during our study because a new variant of norovirus emerged during 1995 and 1996 (22)(23)(24); emergence of norovirus variants has been associated with increased disease incidence (25)(26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

et al. 2010

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Existing estimates of the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (IID) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither method accurately represents norovirus disease burden: Electron microscopy has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and RT-PCR has poor diagnostic specificity. In this study, viral load measurements were used to identify cases of norovirus-associated IID and to produce new incidence estimates for England. IID cases were ascertained in the Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in England (1993England ( -1996, and stool specimens were tested by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR for norovirus. The age-adjusted community incidence of norovirus-associated IID was 4.5/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 3.8, 5.2), equating to 2 million episodes/year. Among children aged less than 5 years, the community incidence was 21.4/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 15.9, 27.7), and the incidence of consultations to general practitioners for norovirus-associated IID was 3.2/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 2.6, 3.8), with 100,000 children visiting their general practitioner for norovirus-associated IID each year. Norovirus is the most common cause of IID in the community in England and is responsible for a similar number of pediatric primary care consultations as rotavirus.England; gastroenteritis; incidence; Monte Carlo method; Norovirus; primary health care; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Abbreviations: IID, infectious intestinal disease; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

et al. 2010

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“…Although the severity of disease is usually moderate, lasting 1 to 3 days, infection can be especially virulent in young children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised (2,18,21,22,24,35,40). It is estimated that 200,000 people die each year from NoV infections, primarily children in the developing world (36).…”

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confidence: 99%

Monoclonal Antibody-Based Antigenic Mapping of Norovirus GII.4-2002

Lindesmith

Debbink

Swanstrom

et al. 2012

J Virol

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115

161

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Noroviruses are the primary cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in humans, and GII.4 strains cause ϳ80% of the overall disease burden. Surrogate neutralization assays using sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) suggest that antigenic variation maintains GII.4 persistence in the face of herd immunity, as the emergence of new pandemic strains is accompanied by newly evolved neutralization epitopes. To potentially identify specific blockade epitopes that are likely neutralizing and evolving between pandemic strains, mice were hyperimmunized with GII.

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“…Although genogroup I strains are associated with fewer reported outbreaks, they are frequently identified in environmental samples and in children (7,21,33,58,74,82). The severity of norovirus disease is usually moderate although infection can be especially virulent, even fatal, in the elderly (14,24,31,38,46,67). An effective vaccine would be particularly advantageous to vulnerable older populations, food handlers, child and health care providers, and military personnel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Heterotypic Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses following Norwalk Virus Infection

Lindesmith

Donaldson

León

et al. 2010

J Virol

130

147

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Norovirus immunity is poorly understood as the limited data available on protection after infection are often contradictory. In contrast to the more prominent GII noroviruses, GI norovirus infections are less frequent in outbreaks. The GI noroviruses display very complex patterns of heterotypic immune responses following infection, and many individuals are highly susceptible to reinfection. To study the immune responses and mechanisms of GI.1 persistence, we built structural models and recombinant virus-like particles ( Noroviruses are the second-most important cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in young children and cause approximately 20% of endemic familial diarrheal disease and traveler's diarrhea in all ages (reviewed in references 45 and 70). Noroviruses are genetically grouped into five different genogroups (GI to GV). GI and GII genogroups are responsible for the majority of human infections and are subdivided into more than 25 different genotypes (for example, GI

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Molecular Epidemiology of Human Enteric Caliciviruses in The Netherlands

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

Monoclonal Antibody-Based Antigenic Mapping of Norovirus GII.4-2002

Heterotypic Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses following Norwalk Virus Infection

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