Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenoviruses D Associated with Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in Osaka, Japan, 2001–2010

Abstract

SUMMARY: Isolation of novel types of human adenovirus D (HAdV-53, -54, and -56) from keratoconjunctivitis patients has been reported since 2008. We examined the molecular epidemiology of HAdV-D strains using 39 field isolates collected from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) patients from 2001 to 2010 in the province of Osaka, Japan. The molecular types were analyzed by sequencing partial penton base gene, loop 1 in the hexon, and complete fiber genes. Of the 39 isolates, the majority were 35.9z) and -37 (13/39, 33.3z), followed by -53 (4/39, 10.3z) and -54 (8/39, 20.5z). Analysis of annual distribution showed that HAdV-19 and -37 were detected before 2004, whereas HAdV-53 and -54 were first identified in 2001 and 2003, respectively, and persistently detected during the study period. It is noted that both HAdV-53 and -54 isolates were misclassified by the serological method. Altogether, the molecular analysis elucidated the epidemiology of HAdV-D and presence of novel types from the early 2000s in Osaka. Further genetic analysis of serologically classified HAdV-D isolates may provide insights into the epidemiology of EKC.

Surveillance of Adenovirus Respiratory Infections in Children from Osaka, Japan

“…Virus isolation was conducted using A549 cells as described previously (5), and viral DNA was extracted from 200 µL of the isolates using a MagDEA viral DNA RNA kit (Precision System Science, Chiba, Japan). In the routine surveillance, a partial hexon gene (loop 1 or C4 region) was amplified by PCR using the Platinum PCR SuperMix (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) with methods described elsewhere (6,7).…”

“…In the routine surveillance, a partial hexon gene (loop 1 or C4 region) was amplified by PCR using the Platinum PCR SuperMix (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) with methods described elsewhere (6,7). The partial penton base, hexon, and fiber genes were amplified for type classification of the HAdV-D strains as described elsewhere (5)(6)(7)(8). Nucleotide sequences of the amplicons were determined using an Applied Biosystems 3130 genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).…”

“…Acute respiratory diseases are typically caused by HAdV-E4, -B7, -B14, and -B55 (11)(12)(13). HAdV-D has occasionally been reported as a cause of respiratory infections (14), and molecular epidemiological study of HAdVs associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis showed circulation of HAdV-D37 and -D53 in Osaka (5). In this study, as the patient infected with HAdV-D37 and -D53 had conjunctivitis and eye discharges, respectively, the strains might have sporadically and continuously circulated as causative agents of conjunctivitis in Osaka.…”

Molecular detection and characterization through analysis of the hexon and fiber genes of Adenoviruses causing conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa

“…However, most reports suggested that a variety of HAdV types from the B, C, and E species cause sporadic conjunctivitis while viruses from D species, particularly HAdV‐D8, was mainly involved in epidemic outbreaks and is less frequently reported from sporadic cases [Mitsui et al, ; Jernigan et al, ; Adhikary et al, ; Jin et al, ; Mejía‐López et al, ; Fujimoto et al, ]. In addition, surveillance data from different regions of the world showed co‐circulation of several genotypes with a dominant genotype that may differ from country to country and from a year to another within the same country [Matsui et al, ; Maranhão et al, ; Tabbara et al, ; Yağci et al, ; Hiroi et al, ; Erdin et al, ]. To our knowledge, the genotype circulation feature found in this study, with HAdV‐D8 causing sporadic conjunctivitis cases and representing the largely dominant genotype for many years, was not reported elsewhere and may be specific to Tunisia and North Africa, more generally.…”

More symptoms with sialic receptor‐positive adenovirus in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

“…Recently, three novel adenovirus types have been identified and demonstrated to be common causative agents of EKC. These three are closely related to HAdV-8, HAdV-19a and HAdV-37, and they all belong to species D (Hiroi et al 2013). Sialic acid is a known, functional receptor for HAdV-8, HAdV-19a and HAdV-37 (Arnberg et al 2000), and as the sialic acid-interacting knob domains of the fibre protein of HAdV-53, HAdV-54 and HAdV-56 are closely homologous to those of personal communication), it is likely that these species also use sialic acid as a cellular receptor.…”