Molecular epidemiology of HTLV-2 infection among intravenous drug users in Spain

Toro, Carlos; Rodés, Berta; Bassani, Sylvina; Jiménez, Victoria; Tuset, C.; Brugal, M. Teresa; Fuente, Luís de la; Soriano, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.10.004

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…7 In samples with an indeterminate Western blot pattern, a new blood sample was drawn and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained to perform genetic confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analyses, using primers and conditions reported elsewhere. 8 Data from medical records were reviewed for subjects who were found to be HTLV seropositive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 Infection among Native and Immigrant Pregnant Women in Spain

Treviño¹,

Aguilera

Caballero

et al. 2009

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The relative effect of HIV-1 infection compared with vaginal infections on vaginal cytokine concentrations is not well characterized. We compared vaginal fluid samples from HIV-1-infected women with those from HIV-negative women, to assess the effect of HIV-1 infection on concentrations of vaginal proinflammatory cytokines and the mucosal defense molecule secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Twenty-seven HIV-1-infected women and 54 HIV-negative controls, matched for bacterial vaginosis (BV) status, had proinflammatory cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8] and SLPI concentrations measured from archived cervicovaginal lavage and vaginal swab samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Log-transformed concentrations were compared by BV and HIV status in univariate analysis using Student's t-test, and in multivariate analysis using a linear regression model. In univariate analysis there were no significant differences in cytokine concentrations among HIV-1-infected and HIV-negative women. In a multivariable linear regression model, BV was significantly associated with an increase in IL-1 beta (p = 0.003). HIV infection was associated with an increased concentration of SLPI (p = 0.008), while BV status was significantly associated with a decrease in SLPI concentrations (p = 0.005). Neither HIV nor BV was associated with changes in IL-6 or IL-8. HIV does not have a major impact on vaginal concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines when controlling for the presence of bacterial vaginosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 Infection among Native and Immigrant Pregnant Women in Spain

Treviño¹,

Aguilera

Caballero

et al. 2009

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…HTLV-1 is more frequent among injection drug users in Brazil and New York [34][35][36][37][38] , whereas HTLV-2 is more prevalent in injection drug users in other locations in North America and in Europe [39][40][41][42][43][44] . In 2001, the fi rst cases of HTLV-1 transmission through organs that were transplanted from asymptomatic infected donors were reported in Europe; three donor organ recipients developed subacute myelopathy shortly after transplantation 45 .…”

Section: Modes Of Htlv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

Paiva

Casseb

2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in many parts of the world and is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. Sexual transmission occurs more effi ciently from men to women than women to men and might be enhanced by sexually transmitted diseases that cause ulcers and result in mucosal ruptures, such as syphilis, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), and chancroid. Other sexually transmitted diseases might result in the recruitment of infl ammatory cells and could increase the risk of HTLV-1 acquisition and transmission. Additionally, factors that are associated with higher transmission risks include the presence of antibodies against the viral oncoprotein Tax (anti-Tax), a higher proviral load in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and increased cervicovaginal or seminal secretions. Seminal fl uid has been reported to increase HTLV replication and transmission, whereas male circumcision and neutralizing antibodies might have a protective effect. Recently, free virions were discovered in plasma, which reveals a possible new mode of HTLV replication. It is unclear how this discovery might affect the routes of HTLV transmission, particularly sexual transmission, because HTLV transmission rates are signifi cantly higher from men to women than women to men.

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“…In addition, HTLV-2 infection has been associated with sporadic cases of a myelopathy resembling HAM/TSP (Hjelle et al, 1992;Dooneief et al, 1996;Murphy et al, 1997), but has not been clearly linked with the development of lymphoproliferative disorders. HTLV-2 infection is highly concentrated in Central and West Africa (Gessain et al, 1993;Goubau et al, 1993), native Amerindian populations in North, Central, and South America (Hjelle et al, 1990;Lairmore et al, 1990;Heneine et al, 1991;Levine et al, 1993), and among cohorts of intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in the United States and Europe (Tedder et al, 1984;Robert-Guroff et al, 1986;Lee et al, 1989;Khabbaz et al, 1991;Toro et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative biology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2

2005

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Molecular epidemiology of HTLV-2 infection among intravenous drug users in Spain

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 Infection among Native and Immigrant Pregnant Women in Spain

Seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 Infection among Native and Immigrant Pregnant Women in Spain

Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

Comparative biology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2

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