Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in Iran: A preliminary report

Mohebbi, Seyed Reza; Zali, Narges; Derakhshan, Faramarz; Tahami, Ali; Mashayekhi, Reza; Amini-Bavil-Olyaee, Samad; Zali, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1002/jmv.21326

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The study revealed HDV clade I (genotype 1) in all of the patients. This result is in agreement with predominant genotype of HDV reported in other studies from Iran (18, 38), and also the Middle East region such as Lebanon Egypt, Turkey and Pakistan (17, 35, 39, 40). Previous findings indicated that there may be an association between the geographical distribution of HDV and HBV genotypes (38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Genotype ΙΙ is predominant in the Far East (17) and Genotype ΙΙΙ is predominantly detected in South America (3). The predominant genotype of HDV reported from Iran is Genotype Ι (18). Recent extensive analysis of HDV sequences has indicated that the various HDV genotypes fall into at least seven clades (19) and in a study (20) proposed an extended classification of the delta virus genus to eight clades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency and Genotype of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in Patients Infected with HIV and Those Undergoing Hemodialysis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundHepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective virus dependent on hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication. Due to HDV transmission routes, patients undergoing hemodialysis and those with HIV infection are at risk of acquiring HDV.ObjectivesThis study was aimed to determine the frequency and genotype of HDV infection among patients with HIV infection and those undergoing hemodialysis.Patients and Methods720 cases including 120 patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 600 patients with HIV infection were studied. All cases with positive results for HBsAg were evaluated for the presence of anti-HDV antibodies. Samples with Anti-HDV positive results were subjected to nested PCR for HDV-RNA confirmation, and sequenced for HDV genotype determination.ResultsHBsAg was found in 9 (7.5%) of 120 patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 9 (1.5%) of 600 patients with HIV infection. 3 (33.3%) of patients undergoing hemodialysis with positive results for HBsAg, and 5 (55.5%) of cases with HIV infection and positive results for HBsAg, had positive findings for anti-HDV which were then subjected to nested PCR. The amplification results confirmed that in 3 (37.5%) samples HDV-RNA was detected. Overall 2.5% of patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 0.8% of cases infected with HIV had positive results for anti-HDV and 1.7% and 0.2% of cases undergoing hemodialysis and patients infected with HIV had positive findings for HDV-RNA respectively. All of the HDV isolates were clustered in clade 1.ConclusionsThe survey showed that overall HDV frequency was not high in our high risk cases. Therefore, practitioners and health care managers should become aware of the risk of dual infection with HBV and HDV especially in high risk patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Genotype of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in Patients Infected with HIV and Those Undergoing Hemodialysis

et al. 2013

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“…Analysis of Turkish HDV1-infected samples indicates that S202 is significantly more prevalent in Turkey than in Europe or Asia. The same pattern was also described recently in Iran [29]. Thus, a significant proportion of HDV1 isolates circulating in Turkey (and perhaps Iran) could have evolved from an ancient radiation of an African HDV1 lineage, consistent with the hypothesis that HDV might constitute an efficient marker of human migration [23,38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Current hepatitis delta virus type 1 (HDV1) infections in central and eastern Turkey indicate a wide genetic diversity that is probably linked to different HDV1 origins

et al. 2012

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Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a subviral pathogen of humans, a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV) that induces severe acute and chronic liver diseases. The genus Deltavirus consists of eight clades or genotypes, with HDV1 being ubiquitous and frequently characterized. In Turkey, HDV1 infection is highly endemic among HBsAg carriers, especially in the southeastern region. In this study, we analyzed 34 samples from patients who were chronically infected with HBV/HDV, originating from 22 cities of rural regions in the central and eastern parts of Turkey, in order to determine the levels of viral replication and genetic diversity. HDV RNA levels ranged between 3.02 and 8.75 Log copies/mL, and HBV DNA was detected in 25 samples (73.5%), with values ranging from 2.53 to 5.30 Log copies/mL. Analysis of nucleotides 900-1280 of HDV genomes (n = 34) and full-length (n = 17) sequences indicated that all of the strains belonged to genotype HDV1. However, a high genetic diversity was observed among the isolates, with a mean full-length dissimilarity score of 13.05%. HDV sequences clustered with sequences from Western Europe (n = 11), Eastern Europe and Asia (n = 19) or Africa (n = 4). HDV1 isolates related to strains of African origin had a serine residue instead of an alanine at position 202 of the large delta protein. HBV preS1 sequences obtained for 34 isolates indicated an HBV/D genotype in all cases. Taken together, our results indicate that in Turkey, where HBV-HDV dual infection is highly endemic, both viruses have high levels of replication, and HDV strains exhibit wide genetic diversity, which might reflect ancient evolution and/or successive outbreaks.

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“…Ninety-six articles were found in the literature review, 40 of which [4][10][11][12][13][15][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] were potentially related to HDV prevalence in Iran. The detailed search process is demonstrated in Diagram 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features and Seroepidemiology of Anti-HDV Antibody in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Iran: A Meta-Analysis

Amini

Alavian²,

Kabir

et al. 2012

Hepat Mon

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ContextHepatitis delta virus (HDV) leads to the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of HDV and create pooled estimations of possible risk factors, a systematic review was conducted to collect all epidemiological studies on HDV among chronic hepatitis B patients in Iran.Data SourcesIn this systematic review, databases such as PubMed, Embase, ISI, Google scholar, and Iranian databases (MagIran, Iranmedex, and SID) were searched.Study SelectionStudies that clearly stated information about the number of HBsAg positive patients infected with HDV were selected.Data ExtractionThe name of the city, the author's name, year of study, HDV detection method, sample size, HBsAg positive frequency, mean age, total prevalence of HDV, and risk factors were extracted.ResultsThe pooled HDV prevalence was 7.8% (95% CI: 5.89 - 9.71). In the survey-data analysis, HDV prevalence was 6.61%. HDV prevalence was 30.47% (95% CI: 9.76 to 51.19), 14.4% (95% CI: 7.72 to 21.07), and 4.94% (95% CI: 3.73 to 6.15) in cirrhotic, chronic-hepatitis, and inactive-carrier patients, respectively. Pooled ORs were calculated for several factors common to Iranian HBsAg-positive patients, including history of blood transfusion [OR: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.40 to 2.98)], intravenous drug abuse [OR: 1.6 (95% CI: 0.78 to 3.21)], previous hemodialysis [OR: 1.72 (95% CI: 0.79 to 3.76)], and HBeAg-positive status [OR: 1.26 (95% CI: 0.66 to 2.4)].ConclusionsThe prevalence of HDV is less common in Iran than in endemic regions such as Italy and Turkey; however, it is a severe form of hepatitis in HBsAg-positive patients. The most probable route of HDV transmission is hematologic, which suggests the importance of blood screening for HDV, especially in groups with numerous blood transfusions.

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Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in Iran: A preliminary report

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Frequency and Genotype of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in Patients Infected with HIV and Those Undergoing Hemodialysis

Frequency and Genotype of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in Patients Infected with HIV and Those Undergoing Hemodialysis

Current hepatitis delta virus type 1 (HDV1) infections in central and eastern Turkey indicate a wide genetic diversity that is probably linked to different HDV1 origins

Clinical Features and Seroepidemiology of Anti-HDV Antibody in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Iran: A Meta-Analysis

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