Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks and sporadic cases, Latvia, 2017 to 2019

Savicka, Oksana; Zeltmatis, Reinis; Storoženko, Jeļena

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.11.2100415

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The European outbreak of hepatitis A during 2017/2018 was reported from a number of countries. The increase in HAV cases was observed mostly among younger MSM ( Table 3 ) [ 4 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. In a study from the Netherlands among MSM visiting the Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Amsterdam, HAV seropositivity determinants in a multivariable analysis were older ( p < 0.001), came from an HAV endemic country ( p < 0.001) and were HBV seropositive ( p = 0.001) [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Latvia during 2017–2019, 179 laboratory-confirmed HAV cases were analyzed, and 69.8% were typed. The majority were genotype VRD_521_2016, followed by RIVM-HAV16-090 and V16-25801 [ 4 ]. Between July 2016 and January 2017, across England and Northern Ireland, 37 HAV cases were confirmed of which 28 identified as MSM, 24 were strain VRD_521_2016 with a clear relation to travelers returning from Central and South America, and 13 were strain RIVM-HAV16–090 related to EuroPride 2016 which was held in Amsterdam in July/August 2016 [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large and prolonged epidemic in men who have sex with men (MSM) was noticed in many EU/EEA countries starting in 2016 and lasting until 2018 [ 3 , 4 ]. In 2017, a total of 19,947 HAV cases were reported by 24 EU/EEA countries, which represented more than a fourfold increase compared with 2012–2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 3 ]. It involved one of the three HAV genotype IA outbreak strains: VRD_521_2016, RIVM-HAV16-090 (EuroPride), and V16-25801 (UK/Spain) [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]. The epidemic strains kept circulating two years from the first detection and were detected more often in men than women [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hepatitis A Outbreak in Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and People Living with HIV in Croatia, January to October 2022

Bogdanić

Begovać

Močibob

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a highly hepatotropic virus transmitted mainly via the fecal–oral route. The purpose of this study is to describe a prolonged HAV outbreak in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users in Croatia in 2022. Croatia has a centralized system of HIV care and the PrEP service is only available at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases (UHID), Zagreb. We reviewed all MSM living with HIV and MSM PrEP users at UHID and identified those diagnosed with HAV between January and October 2022. During this period, a total of 1036 MSM living with HIV and 361 PrEP users were followed, and 45 (4.4%) and 32 (8.9%) were diagnosed with HAV, respectively. Most cases were diagnosed in mid-February. A total of 70.1% (726/1036) MSM living with HIV and 82.3% (297/361) PrEP users were susceptible to HAV. Sequencing information was available for 34 persons; in all cases the HAV subtype IA was found. Our findings indicate that both MSM living with HIV and HIV-uninfected PrEP users are vulnerable to HAV infection and might be a potential source for a more widespread HAV epidemic.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hepatitis A Outbreak in Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and People Living with HIV in Croatia, January to October 2022

Bogdanić

Begovać

Močibob

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 1.5 million clinical cases of HAV per year. However, the true incidence of infection could be ten times higher, causing about 7,134 deaths in 2016, which represents 0.5% of the mortality attributable to viral hepatitis [ 20 , 21 ]. After the introduction of hepatitis A vaccine recommendations in the United States in 1996, reports of HAV cases decreased progressively from 1999–2011 by ≈95%.…”

Section: Hav Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A: Viral Structure, Classification, Life Cycle, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis Error, and Vaccination

Gholizadeh

Akbarzadeh

Hashemi

et al. 2023

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the well-known viruses that cause hepatitis all around the globe. Although this illness has decreased in developed countries due to extensive immunization, numerous developing and under-developed countries are struggling with this virus. HAV infection can be spread by oral-fecal contact, and there are frequent epidemics through nutrition. Improvements in socioeconomic and sanitary circumstances have caused a shift in the disease’s prevalence worldwide. Younger children are usually asymptomatic, but as they become older, the infection symptoms begin to appear. Symptoms range from slight inflammation and jaundice to acute liver failure in older individuals. While an acute infection may be self-limiting, unrecognized persistent infections, and the misapplication of therapeutic methods based on clinical guidelines are linked to a higher incidence of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Fortunately, most patients recover within two months of infection, though 10–15% of patients will relapse within the first six months. A virus seldom leads to persistent infection or liver damage. The mainstay of therapy is based on supportive care. All children from 12–23 months, as well as some susceptible populations, should receive routine vaccinations, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Laboratory diagnosis of HAV is based on antigen detection, checking liver enzyme levels, and antibody screening. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has identified HAV in suspected nutrition sources; therefore, this technique is used for preventative measures and food-related laws.

show abstract

Hepatitis A notifications in the EU/EEA, 2010–2019: what can we learn from case reporting to the European Surveillance System?

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries annually report hepatitis A (HepA) notifications to The European Surveillance System (TESSy). Aim To describe EU/EEA HepA notifications from 2010 to 2019 and identify infection drivers and surveillance improvements. Methods We analysed demographic, clinical and transmission information of HepA confirmed cases from TESSy. We stratified countries by population susceptibility profile and performed time-series analysis to describe trends in notification rates, sex distribution and travel history. Results Twenty-nine EU/EEA countries reported 139,793 HepA cases. Six eastern EU countries reported > 60% of these cases. EU/EEA notification rate during the study period was 3.2 cases per 100,000 population (range 2.7–5.6). Notifications peaked in 2014 and 2017, with marked differences in case demographic characteristics. Notification trends varied across different country susceptibility groups. In 2017, the proportion of males (74%) and case median age (31 years) increased steeply, while no changes occurred in 2014. Travel history showed seasonal case peaks following the summer. More than 47,000 hospitalisations were reported. Annual case fatality was < 0.2% for all years. Information on travel history, hospitalisation, death and mode of transmission was suboptimal. Discussion Apart from some countries in its east, the EU/EEA is characterised by low HepA incidence baseline and susceptible to recurrent large cross-border outbreaks. Analysis of European surveillance data highlighted the need for stronger prevention policies for eastern EU countries, men who have sex with men and travellers. Improving surveillance data-quality will enhance knowledge on food-borne, and travel-related exposures to inform more effective and tailored regional prevention policies.

show abstract

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks and sporadic cases, Latvia, 2017 to 2019

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Hepatitis A Outbreak in Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and People Living with HIV in Croatia, January to October 2022

Hepatitis A Outbreak in Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and People Living with HIV in Croatia, January to October 2022

Hepatitis A: Viral Structure, Classification, Life Cycle, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis Error, and Vaccination

Hepatitis A notifications in the EU/EEA, 2010–2019: what can we learn from case reporting to the European Surveillance System?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About