Molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus type B1

Abstract

Coxsackievirus type B1 (CVB1) has emerged globally as the predominant enterovirus serotype and is associated with epidemics of meningitis and chronic diseases. In this report, the phylogeny of CVB1 was studied based on the VP1 sequences of 11 North African isolates and 81 published sequences. All CVB1 isolates segregated into four distinct genogroups and 10 genotypes. Most of the identified genotypes of circulating CVB1 strains appear to have a strict geographical specificity. The North African strains were of a single genotype and probably evolved distinctly. Using a relaxed molecular clock model and three different population models (constant population, exponential growth and Bayesian skyline demographic models) in coalescent analysis using the BEAST program, the substitution rate in CVB1 varied between 6.95 × 10(-3) and 7.37 × 10(-3) substitutions/site/year in the VP1 region. This study permits better identification of circulating CVB1, which has become one of the most predominant enterovirus serotypes in humans.

Type B coxsackieviruses and central nervous system disorders: critical review of reported associations

“…Inflammatory mediators like antibodies or cytokines could disturb neurotransmission and constitute a pathogenetic factor. 68,130 The breakdown of BBB is known as trait marker of schizophrenia 131,132 so CV-B infections might constitute a pathogenic factor of schizophrenia via the induction of inflammatory mediators that damage the BBB (Figures 1 and 3). Data support cytokine imbalance during prenatal, perinatal, or earlier infancy, when the brain is still growing, leading to schizophrenia.…”

“…Aseptic meningitis is defined as a syndrome with acute onset of meningeal symptoms, fever and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with bacteriologically sterile cultures and absence of parenchymal brain involvement 12,66 . The contribution of CV‐B to meningitis fluctuates among studies, ranging from 3% to 79% 67‐74 . An estimated 10 to 15 million symptomatic enterovirus infections every year may account for up to 75,000 cases of meningitis hospitalisations in the United States alone 75 .…”

Evolutionary phylogeography and transmission pattern of echovirus 14: an exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics based on the 26-year acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong, China

“…Interestingly, our results indicate that circulation of E-14 in Australia is very dynamic, as the virus likely to be the reservoir for evolutionary origin of E-14 in the world. The results that the nucleotide substitution rate of E-14 VP1 gene was similar to other EV serotypes [29–34] also suggested the evolutionary pressure acting on E-14 existed no significant difference with other serotype strains.…”

Molecular characterization of echovirus 12 strains isolated from healthy children in China

“…1 ). In alignment with all 53 E-12 VP1 sequences available in GenBank, the eight isolates had 81.4–95.0% nucleotide similarity with those of the E-12 strains, and all E-12 strains were divided into seven genotypes (A-G) according to the generally accepted criterion for enterovirus genotype demarcation (the nucleotide sequence variation in the VP1 region within an enterovirus genotype should be less than 11% and the nucleotide sequence variation in the same region between enterovirus genotypes should be more than 11%) 10 . Genotype A consisted of the eight isolates from the present study, the Yunnan isolated strains, alongside three strains from the Shandong Province of China and a Mongolian strain.…”