“…This can be attributed partly to the rising prevalence of immunodeficiency, the emergence of COVID-19, and advancements in the diagnosis of pathogenic fungi. While Aspergillus and Mucorales are the primary agents of IFRS, other fungi such as Fusarium , Lomentospora, Curvularia, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Bipolaris, Exherosilum, Trichoderma, Schizophyllum, Candida , and Trichosporon are occasionally reported as well ( Ardeshirpour et al., 2014 ; Vinh et al., 2017 ; Shamsaei et al., 2021 ; Erami et al., 2023a ; Erami et al., 2023b ; Salah et al., 2023 ). However, the limited availability of diagnostic tools often results in delays in accurate detection and identification of invasive fungal pathogens, leading to delayed treatment.…”