Molecular epidemiology of canine GM1 gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu breed in Japan: relationship between regional prevalence and carrier frequency

Abstract

BackgroundCanine GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal disease in the Shiba Inu breed, which is one of the most popular traditional breeds in Japan and is maintained as a standard breed in many countries. Therefore, it is important to control and reduce the prevalence of GM1 gangliosidosis for maintaining the quality of this breed and to ensure supply of healthy dogs to prospective breeders and owners. This molecular epidemiological survey was performed to formulate an effective strategy for the control and prevention of this disease.ResultsThe survey was carried out among 590 clinically unaffected Shiba Inu dogs from the 8 districts of Japan, and a genotyping test was used to determine nation-wide and regional carrier frequencies. The number and native district of affected dogs identified in 16 years from 1997 to June 2013 were also surveyed retrospectively. Of the 590 dogs examined, 6 dogs (1.02%, 6/590) were carriers: 3 dogs (2.27%, 3/132) from the Kinki district and the other 3 dogs from the Hokkaido, Kanto, and Shikoku districts. The retrospective survey revealed 23 affected dogs, among which, 19 dogs (82.6%) were born within the last 7 years. Of the 23 affected dogs, 12 dogs (52.2%) were from the Kinki district. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that all the affected dogs and carriers with the pedigree information have a close blood relationship.ConclusionsOur results showed that the current carrier frequency for GM1 gangliosidosis is on the average 1.02% in Japan and rather high in the Kinki district, which may be related to the high prevalence observed over the past 16 years in this region. This observation suggests that carrier dogs are distributed all over Japan; however, kennels in the Kinki district may face an increased risk of GM1 gangliosidosis. Therefore, for effective control and prevention of this disease, it is necessary to examine as many breeding dogs as possible from all regions of Japan, especially from kennels located in areas with high prevalence and carrier frequency.

Canine GM2‐Gangliosidosis Sandhoff Disease Associated with a 3‐Base Pair Deletion in the HEXB Gene

“…GM1‐gangliosidosis, another neurologic genetic LSD with similar clinical signs to those seen in this affected dog, has been reported previously in Shiba Inu dogs . Additionally, several LSDs, such as α‐fucosidosis, Gaucher's disease, and MPS IIIB, clinically are nearly indistinguishable.…”

“…GM1-gangliosidosis, another neurologic genetic LSD with similar clinical signs to those seen in this affected dog, has been reported previously in Shiba Inu dogs. [3][4][5][6] Additionally, several LSDs, such as a-fucosidosis, Gaucher's disease, and MPS IIIB, clinically are nearly indistinguishable. To discriminate among the various possible LSDs, specific lysosomal hydrolase assays for each disease were performed (as is routinely done in this laboratory to quickly screen for a deficiency).…”

“…Age of onset is between 5 and 6 months of age, and death generally occurs by 14–15 months of age. A little more than 1% of Shiba Inus in Japan are heterozygous for the disease variant . Disease frequency is unknown in the United States, but GM1‐gangliosidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis in a Shiba Inu presenting with progressive cerebellar signs beginning at a juvenile age.…”

“…A little more than 1% of Shiba Inus in Japan are heterozygous for the disease variant. 6 Disease frequency is unknown in the United States, but GM1-gangliosidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis in a Shiba Inu presenting with progressive cerebellar signs beginning at a juvenile age. The Shiba Inu presented here showed classical signs of GM1-gangliosidosis but normal concentration of beta-galactosidase, suggesting a different cause.…”

Axonopathy and Reduction of Membrane Resistance: Key Features in a New Murine Model of Human GM1-Gangliosidosis

“…G M1 -gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease belonging to the sphingolipidoses caused by β-galactosidase (Glb1) deficiency [1]. In addition to humans, it is described in cats [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], dogs [9][10][11][12], strategies for lysosomal storage diseases in humans [57]. Gene therapy certainly provides the most promising results when applied early enough but has predominantly been studied in animal models yet so far [49,50,[58][59][60][61][62].…”