Molecular epidemiological study of <i>Brachyspira pilosicoli</i> in Finnish sow herds

Fossi, Marja; Pohjanvirta, Tarja; Pelkonen, Sinikka

doi:10.1017/s0950268803008963

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The reason for the failure of using PFGE for fingerprinting was not investigated. It is known that Brachyspira isolates with strong haemolysis can be difficult to analyse with PFGE (Atyeo et al ., 1999b; Fossi et al ., 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel enteropathogenic, strongly haemolytic spirochaete isolated from pig and mallard, provisionally designated ‘Brachyspira suanatina’ sp. nov.

Råsbäck

Jansson

Johansson

et al. 2007

Environmental Microbiology

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Atypical, strongly haemolytic porcine isolates of intestinal spirochaetes differing genetically from Brachyspira hyodysenteriae were identified and characterized. The isolates were subjected to culture and biochemical tests, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular analyses. None of four species-specific polymerase chain reaction systems targeting genes of B. hyodysenteriae gave a positive reaction. All the atypical porcine isolates were identical in their partial 16S rRNA and nox gene sequences with a previously described isolate from a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and differed only slightly from another mallard isolate. All these isolates were distinctly different from all currently recognized Brachyspira species. A challenge study was carried out using recently weaned pigs. Clinical signs and macroscopic changes consistent with swine dysentery were seen both in pigs given the atypical porcine isolate and in control pigs given the reference strain of B. hyodysenteriae (B204(R)). Pigs given the genetically similar isolate from a mallard became colonized and diarrhoea was observed. This is the first study indicating that Brachyspira isolates from mallard can infect pigs and induce diarrhoea. We propose that this atypical spirochaete genotype should be regarded as a new species within the genus Brachyspira, and be provisionally designated 'Brachyspira suanatina' sp. nov.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel enteropathogenic, strongly haemolytic spirochaete isolated from pig and mallard, provisionally designated ‘Brachyspira suanatina’ sp. nov.

Råsbäck

Jansson

Johansson

et al. 2007

Environmental Microbiology

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“…These hypotheses are in keeping with the relatively lower genetic stability of B. pilosicoli as compared to B. hyodysenteriae and the fact that more than one clone is often found in the same pig herd. 8,29 The occurrence of skipped wells could be interpreted that the broth method is less suited for B. pilosicoli as compared to other Brachyspira spp. In broth, single mutated bacteria may multiply more easily than on agar, making results difficult to interpret.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Brachyspira pilosicoli with Special Reference to Point Mutations in the 23S rRNA Gene Associated with Macrolide and Lincosamide Resistance

Karlsson

Fellström

Johansson

et al. 2004

Microbial Drug Resistance

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A point mutation in the 23S rRNA gene causes macrolide and lincosamide resistance in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The possible occurrence of a similar mutation in Brachyspira pilosicoli was studied and the MICs of six antimicrobial agents for Swedish field isolates of B. pilosicoli were determined. Of 10 isolates with high MICs of macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics, six had a mutation in nucleotide position 2058 or 2059 in the 23S rRNA gene as compared to the wild type of Escherichia coli, whereas none of 10 tylosin-susceptible isolates were mutated in this region. The mutations found in position 2058 were A --> T transversions, and in position 2059 either A --> G transitions or A --> C transversions. The MICs at which 90% of the B. pilosicoli field isolates were inhibited by tylosin, erythromycin, clindamycin, virginiamycin, tiamulin, and carbadox, were >256, >256, >4, 4, 2, and 0.125 microg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, point mutations in positions 2058 and 2059 of the 23S rRNA gene can cause macrolide and lincosamide resistance in B. pilosicoli. Macrolide resistance is widespread among Swedish field isolates of B. pilosicoli. Notably also a few isolates with elevated MICs of tiamulin were found.

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“…The PCR studies were repeated with frozen gut samples when invasive spirochaetes were observed by histopathology. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with Mlu I restriction enzyme was used to compare DNA macro-restriction profiles between isolated spirochaetes and the challenge strains, as described earlier [ 11 ]. The banding patterns of DNA were compared visually.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neither Hippurate-negative Brachyspira pilosicoli nor Brachyspira pilosicoli Type Strain Caused Diarrhoea in Early-weaned Pigs by Experimental Infection

Fossi

Ahlsten

Pohjanvirta³

et al. 2005

Acta Vet Scand

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Sukura A, Pelkola K, Pelkonen S: Neither hippurate-negative Brachyspira pilosicoli nor Brachyspira pilosicoli type strain caused diarrhoea in early-weaned pigs by experimental infection. Acta vet. scand. 2005, 46, 257-267. -A hippurate-negative biovariant of Brachyspira pilosicoli (B. pilosicoli hipp-) is occasionally isolated in diarrhoeic pigs in Finland, often concomitantly with hippurate-positive B. pilosicoli or Lawsonia intracellularis. We studied pathogenicity of B. pilosicoli hipp-with special attention paid to avoiding co-infection with other enteric pathogens. Pigs were weaned and moved to barrier facilities at the age of 11 days. At 46 days, 8 pigs were inoculated with B. pilosicoli hipp-strain Br1622, 8 pigs were inoculated with B. pilosicoli type strain P43/6/78 and 7 pigs were sham-inoculated. No signs of spirochaetal diarrhoea were detected; only one pig, inoculated with P43/6/78, had soft faeces from day 9 to 10 post inoculation. The pigs were necropsied between days 7 and 23 after inoculation. Live pigs were culturenegative for Brachyspira spp., but B. pilosicoli hipp-was reisolated from necropsy samples of two pigs. The lesions on large colons were minor and did not significantly differ between the three trial groups. In silver-stained sections, invasive spirochaetes were detected in colonic mucosae of several pigs in all groups. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation for genus Brachyspira, B. pilosicoli and strain Br1622 was negative. However, in situ detection for members of the genus Leptospira was positive for spirochaete-like bacteria in the colonic epithelium of several pigs in both infected groups as well as in the control group. L. intracellularis, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. and intestinal parasites were not detected. The failure of B. pilosicoli strains to cause diarrhoea is discussed with respect to infectivity of the challenge strains, absence of certain intestinal pathogens and feed and management factors.Brachyspira pilosicoli, intestinal spirochaetosis, spirochaetal colitis, pig, diarrhoea, experimental infection, early weaning, Lawsonia intracellularis.

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Molecular epidemiological study of Brachyspira pilosicoli in Finnish sow herds

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

A novel enteropathogenic, strongly haemolytic spirochaete isolated from pig and mallard, provisionally designated ‘Brachyspira suanatina’ sp. nov.

A novel enteropathogenic, strongly haemolytic spirochaete isolated from pig and mallard, provisionally designated ‘Brachyspira suanatina’ sp. nov.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Brachyspira pilosicoli with Special Reference to Point Mutations in the 23S rRNA Gene Associated with Macrolide and Lincosamide Resistance

Neither Hippurate-negative Brachyspira pilosicoli nor Brachyspira pilosicoli Type Strain Caused Diarrhoea in Early-weaned Pigs by Experimental Infection

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