Molecular epidemiological study of adenovirus infecting western lowland gorillas and humans in and around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (Gabon)

Nkogue, Chimène Nze; Horie, Masayuki; Fujita, Shiho; Ogino, Michiko; Kobayashi, Yuki; Mizukami, Keijiro; Masatani, Tatsunori; Ezzikouri, Sayeh; Matsuu, Aya; Mizutani, Tetsuya; Ozawa, Makoto; Yamato, Osamu; Ngomanda, Alfred; Yamagiwa, Juichi; Tsukiyama-Kohara, Kyoko

doi:10.1007/s11262-016-1360-8

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…AdV infections have been reported at a high prevalence in wild gorilla and chimpanzee populations, as well as in other great apes [5,13,[31][32][33][34]. In the present study, the AdV-infection rate in gorillas from the Republic of Congo was 35.9%, which is close to the previously reported rates in free ranging gorillas in the same area (44.9%) [31] or those from Loango National Park, Gabon (48%) [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…For HAdV-E type occurrence in this study, wild Senegalese chimpanzees were the most numerous hosts (50% of cases), followed by macaques (39%) and then gorillas and baboons (5.5% of cases for each). Herein, the hypothesis that NHP AdV members of the HAdV-E originated from chimpanzees [32,33], and because chimpanzees, gorillas and baboons all live in sub-Saharan Africa, we can suppose that the gorilla and baboon HAdV-E types of this study were the result of chimpanzee AdV transmission. The evolution of HAdV-E viruses and their adaptation to new hosts requires further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In addition, two other isolates from LLR gorillas had close similarity with SAdV-42.1; (ii) Clade 2: a gorilla AdV from OKNP with perfect similarity to HAdV-C K67-339 (LC504573); (iii) Clade 3: a gorilla AdV from LLR, closely related to Gorilla beringei graueri AdV-9 [36]. HAdV-C types had already been reported in free ranging gorillas from Republic of Congo [31] and Gabon [33], wild mountain (Gorilla beringei beringei) and Grauer's (Gorilla beringei graueri) gorillas from Rwanda [36] and captive gorillas, as well as captive chimpanzees and bonobos [13]. According to Hoppe et al [32] and other studies [13,33], it seems that all the lineages in HAdV-C are host specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission

Medkour

Amona

Akiana

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Non-human primates (NHPs) are known hosts for adenoviruses (AdVs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of AdVs. As with humans, AdV infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of AdVs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different African countries (Republic of Congo, Senegal, Djibouti and Algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in the Republic of Congo, in order to explore the potential zoonotic risks. Samples were screened by real-time and standard PCRs, followed by the sequencing of the partial DNA polymerase gene in order to identify the AdV species. The prevalence was 3.3 folds higher in NHPs than in humans. More than 1/3 (35.8%) of the NHPs and 1/10 (10.5%) of the humans excreted AdVs in their feces. The positive rate was high in great apes (46%), with a maximum of 54.2% in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 35.9% in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), followed by monkeys (25.6%), with 27.5% in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and 23.1% in baboons (seven Papio papio and six Papio hamadryas). No green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) were found to be positive for AdVs. The AdVs detected in NHPs were members of Human mastadenovirus E (HAdV-E), HAdV-C or HAdV-B, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, with evidence of zoonotic transmission since phylogenetic analysis revealed that gorilla AdVs belonging to HAdV-C were genetically identical to strains detected in humans who had been living around gorillas, and, inversely, a HAdV-C member HAdV type was detected in gorillas. This confirms the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus. which has been reported previously. In addition, HAdV-E members, the most often detected here, are widely distributed among NHP species regardless of their origin, i.e., HAdV-E members seem to lack host specificity. Virus isolation was successful from a human sample and the strain of the Mbo024 genome, of 35 kb, that was identified as belonging to HAdV-D, exhibited close identity to HAdV-D members for all genes. This study provides information on the AdVs that infect African NHPs and the human populations living nearby, with an evident zoonotic transmission. It is likely that AdVs crossed the species barrier between different NHP species (especially HAdV-E members), between NHPs and humans (especially HAdV-C), but also between humans, NHPs and other animal species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission

Medkour

Amona

Akiana

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…The virus was found in this animal’s lung, which was a site of severe pathology, at clinically relevant titers, and paramyxoviruses and other respiratory pathogens were not identified in these samples or in fecal samples from the 41 other animals. All adenoviruses sequenced from fecal samples were similar or identical to adenoviruses that have been documented in apparently healthy wild chimpanzees and other primates ( 32 , 34 , 35 , 43 ). Finally, clinical signs during the chimpanzee outbreak bore a striking resemblance to those caused by rhinovirus C in susceptible humans, and epidemiologic transmission parameter estimates were consistent with the common cold in human populations ( 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The resulting sequences (GenBank accession nos. KY624838‒KY624848) were identical or closely related to adenoviruses found in fecal samples from apparently healthy wild chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates ( 32 – 35 ) ( Technical Appendix Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Lethal Respiratory Disease Associated with Human Rhinovirus C in Wild Chimpanzees, Uganda, 2013

Scully¹,

Basnet²,

Wrangham³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We describe a lethal respiratory outbreak among wild chimpanzees in Uganda in 2013 for which molecular and epidemiologic analyses implicate human rhinovirus C as the cause. Postmortem samples from an infant chimpanzee yielded near-complete genome sequences throughout the respiratory tract; other pathogens were absent. Epidemiologic modeling estimated the basic reproductive number (R0) for the epidemic as 1.83, consistent with the common cold in humans. Genotyping of 41 chimpanzees and examination of 24 published chimpanzee genomes from subspecies across Africa showed universal homozygosity for the cadherin-related family member 3 CDHR3-Y529 allele, which increases risk for rhinovirus C infection and asthma in human children. These results indicate that chimpanzees exhibit a species-wide genetic susceptibility to rhinovirus C and that this virus, heretofore considered a uniquely human pathogen, can cross primate species barriers and threatens wild apes. We advocate engineering interventions and prevention strategies for rhinovirus infections for both humans and wild apes.

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Great ape health watch: Enhancing surveillance for emerging infectious diseases in great apes

Zimmerman

Mitchell

Wolf

et al. 2022

American J Primatol

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Infectious diseases have the potential to extirpate populations of great apes. As the interface between humans and great apes expands, zoonoses pose an increasingly severe threat to already endangered great ape populations. Despite recognition of the threat posed by human pathogens to great apes, health monitoring is only conducted for a small fraction of the world's wild great apes (and mostly those that are habituated) meaning that outbreaks of disease often go unrecognized and therefore unmitigated. This lack of surveillance (even in sites where capacity to conduct surveillance is present) is the most significant limiting factor in our ability to quickly detect and respond to emerging infectious diseases in great apes when they first appear. Accordingly, we must create a surveillance system that links disease outbreaks in humans and great apes in time and space, and enables veterinarians, clinicians, conservation managers, national decision makers, and the global health community to respond quickly to these events. Here, we review existing great ape health surveillance programs in African range habitats to identify successes, gaps, and challenges. We use these findings to argue that standardization of surveillance across sites and geographic scales, that monitors primate health in real‐time and generates early warnings of disease outbreaks, is an efficient, low‐cost step to conserve great ape populations. Such a surveillance program, which we call “Great Ape Health Watch” would lead to long‐term improvements in outbreak preparedness, prevention, detection, and response, while generating valuable data for epidemiological research and sustainable conservation planning. Standardized monitoring of great apes would also make it easier to integrate with human surveillance activities. This approach would empower local stakeholders to link wildlife and human health, allowing for near real‐time, bidirectional surveillance at the great ape‐human interface.

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Molecular epidemiological study of adenovirus infecting western lowland gorillas and humans in and around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (Gabon)

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission

Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission

Lethal Respiratory Disease Associated with Human Rhinovirus C in Wild Chimpanzees, Uganda, 2013

Great ape health watch: Enhancing surveillance for emerging infectious diseases in great apes

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