Molecular epidemiologic analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in injecting drug users with acute hepatitis C in Japan

Satoh, Yasuhiro; Hino, Keisuke; Kato, Takanobu; Mizokami, Masashi; Yamashita, Satoyoshi; Nakamura, Hajime; Okita, Kiwamu

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03444.x

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Possible transmission routes that were assessed by interviewing each patient were compared between those with genotype 1 and those with non-1 genotypes. As shown in figure 2 , the major transmission routes appeared to be different between the 2 types: intravenous drug abuse was the major route of non-1 genotype HCV transmission, which is consistent with the results of previous reports [15,16] . The sustained virological response rates in these patients, 72% for genotype 1 and 95% for non-1 genotype, are better than those in previous reports, probably due to the shorter duration of infection (associated with less advanced disease) and younger age, both of which are factors associated with favorable outcomes of IFN therapy [17,18] .…”

Section: Features Of Recent Hcv Transmission In Japansupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, intravenous drug abuse has become an important route of HCV transmission among young people [8,14] . Satoh et al [15] investigated the HCV genotypes that are spreading among Japanese IDUs and found that non-1b genotypes of HCV, particularly genotype 2b, seemed to be most prevalent among IDUs. We also examined the HCV genotypes in 42 young (less than 40 years old) chronic hepatitis patients with HCV who were treated by peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy at the Kinki University Hospital between 2006 and 2008.…”

Section: Features Of Recent Hcv Transmission In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changing Trends in Hepatitis C Infection over the Past 50 Years in Japan

Chung

Ueda

Kudo³

2010

Intervirology

149

137

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In Japan, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of death in males and the fifth in females. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of HCC in Japan, with 70% of cases being HCV related. HCV genotype 1b, the most prevalent subtype in Japan, started to spread in the 1930s among injecting drug users (IDUs) during and after World War II or through medical procedures such as blood transfusion and use of contaminated syringes. The prevalence of HCV infection is much lower in the current younger generation compared with that in the older generation, particularly those aged >55 years (0.1–0.2% vs. ≧ 2%). Therefore, the total number of patients with HCV infection is estimated to decrease, even though sporadic HCV transmission is mainly seen among young IDUs. Of note, HCV genotype 2 seems to be spreading among IDUs, but the response to antiviral therapy in these patients seems to be better than that in older patients, irrespective of the genotype. Although the number of patients who die because of HCC has steadily increased over the last 50 years, the incidence of HCC is now decreasing, mainly because of the decreased prevalence of HCV-related HCC.

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Section: Features Of Recent Hcv Transmission In Japansupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Features Of Recent Hcv Transmission In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Trends in Hepatitis C Infection over the Past 50 Years in Japan

Chung

Ueda

Kudo³

2010

Intervirology

149

137

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“…Genotype 2 HCV accounts for approximately 25%‐30% of chronic HCV infections in Japan, and there is evidence this percentage is higher among persons younger than 40 years and those who inject drugs . Maternal transmission of HCV has increased significantly in Japan in the last decade, and HCV genotype 2 is now the most prevalent HCV genotype in Japanese children less than 17 years old …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir for treating Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection

Asahina

Itoh

Ueno

et al. 2018

Liver International

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“…Previous studies reported that HCV‐2 or 3, but not HCV‐1, was prevalent among PWID in the main islands of Japan . These data suggest that HCV‐2/3 infection occurred by another distribution channel of illegal drugs in the main islands of Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Furthermore, we speculate that IDU might have been the driving Previous studies reported that HCV-2 or 3, but not HCV-1, was prevalent among PWID in the main islands of Japan. [40][41][42][43][44] These data Although the MSM population was not included in our study, it has been reported that the number of HIV cases among MSM has increased in Okinawa. 48 The HCV transmission network among MSM is international 45,49,50 and MSM tourists visit Okinawa from other areas in Japan or overseas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan

Hoshino

Sugiyama

Date

et al. 2018

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Okinawa Island, located in Southern Japan, has a higher prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a (HCV-1a) infection than that in mainland Japan. Okinawa has a history of US military occupation after World War II. To elucidate the transmission history of HCV-1a in Okinawa, 26 whole-genome sequences were obtained from 29 patients during 2011-2016. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed to identify the origin and characteristics of HCV-1a in Okinawa with epidemiological information. A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequencing revealed that all of the samples were located below the US branches. Additionally, we identified one cluster comprised of 17 strains (Okinawa, n = 16; United States, n = 1). The majority of the patients in this cluster were people who inject drugs (PWID), indicating the presence of a people who inject drugs (PWID) cluster. Subsequently, Bayesian analyses were employed to reveal viral population dynamics. Intriguingly, a phylodynamic analysis uncovered a substantial increase in effective population size of HCV-1a from 1965 to 1980 and a slight increase in mid-2000, which were associated with an increase in illicit drug use in Okinawa. The estimated divergence time of the PWID cluster was 1967.6 (1964.2-1971.1). These findings suggest that HCV-1a was introduced into Okinawa from the United States in the late 1960s, coincident with the Vietnam War. Subsequently, HCV-1a might have spread among the Japanese population with the spread of injecting drug use. Our study provides an understanding of HCV transmission dynamics in Okinawa, as well as the key role of PWID in HCV transmission.

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Molecular epidemiologic analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in injecting drug users with acute hepatitis C in Japan

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus of the non-1b subtype, particularly subtype 2b, seemed to be transmitted between IDUs very recently in Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan.

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Changing Trends in Hepatitis C Infection over the Past 50 Years in Japan

Changing Trends in Hepatitis C Infection over the Past 50 Years in Japan

Ledipasvir‐sofosbuvir for treating Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection

Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan

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