Molecular engineering of quinoxaline dyes toward more efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

N-annulated perylene-containing quinoxaline sensitizer (NIQ4) displays remarkable performance in light harvesting, electron injection, and dye regeneration.

Functionalized benzazines as luminescent materials and components for optoelectronics

“…In particular the diphenylquinoxaline unit has shown a great potential in anti-aggregation and broadening spectra response. 141 The recent developments of quinoxaline derivatives for photovoltaic have been recently reviewed [142][143][144] and structures presented in these reviews will not be discussed here.…”

Proton Triggered Colorimetric and Fluorescence Response of a Novel Quinoxaline Compromising a Donor-Acceptor System

“…A literature search revealed that quinoxaline derivatives have been employed for various applications such as organic photovoltaics, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and dye sensitized solar cells, etc. [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Templated Assembly of Betanin Chromophore on TiO2: Aggregation-Enhanced Light-Harvesting and Efficient Electron Injection in a Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

“…Ongoing efforts to optimize solar energy conversion are frequently inspired by Nature, which uses finely tuned assemblies of chromophores to harness sunlight. , In photosynthetic organisms, light-harvesting complexes of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll derivatives are optimized to collect and funnel solar energy to reaction centers where charge separation takes place. TiO 2 -based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), on the other hand, depend on adsorbed dyes which perform both the light-harvesting and interfacial charge-separation steps. − Although self-assembly of dyes on the metal oxide surface is prevalent owing to their high surface density, , aggregation of dyes on TiO 2 is frequently reported to lower the rate and yield of electron injection, resulting in lower photocurrents. − Consequently, high-performing DSSCs often employ spacer molecules, − competitively binding molecules such as organophosphates, functionalized dyes with steric hindrance, − or surface treatments to prevent dye aggregation. The reduced photocurrents that result from sensitizer aggregation are variously attributed to decreased excited-state lifetime, self-quenching, attenuation of light by a thicker dye layer, and weak electronic coupling of dyes to TiO 2 as a result of greater distance from the surface.…”