Molecular effects of a variable environment on Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea glomerata: Thermal and low salinity stress, and their synergistic effect

Ertl, Nicole G.; O’Connor, Wayne A.; Elizur, Abigail

doi:10.1016/j.margen.2018.10.003

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Besides, salinity change could decrease phagocytosis (PHA) and induce more hemocyte mortality (HM) in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Gagnaire et al, 2006). As for oysters, salinity change in combination with thermal stress can synergistically impact innate immune response and respiration in the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Ertl et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemocyte Responses of the Oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis Exposed to Diel-Cycling Hypoxia and Salinity Change

et al. 2021

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Marine hypoxia caused by nutrient enrichment in coastal waters has become a global problem for decades, especially diel-cycling hypoxia that occurs frequently in the summer season. On the contrary, sudden rainstorms, and freshwater discharge make salinity in estuarine and coastal ecosystems variable, which often occurs with hypoxia. We found mass mortality of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis in the field where hypoxia and salinity fluctuation co-occur in the summer season during the past several years. To investigate the effects of diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity changes on the hemocyte immune function of C. hongkongensis, oysters were exposed to a combined effect of two dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (24 h normal oxygen 6 mg/L, 12 h normal oxygen 6 mg/L, and 12 h hypoxia 2 mg/L) and three salinities (10, 25, and 35‰) for 14 days. Subsequently, all treatments were restored to constant normal oxygen (6 mg/L) and salinity under 25‰ for 3 days to study the recovery of hemocyte immune function from the combined stress. Hemocyte parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry, including hemocyte mortality (HM), total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis (PHA), esterase (EST) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lysosomal content (LYSO), and mitochondrial number (MN). The experimental results showed that diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity changes have obvious interactive effects on various immune parameters. In detail, diel-cycling hypoxia and decreases in salinity led to increased HM, and low salinity caused heavier impacts. In addition, low salinity, and diel-cycling hypoxia also led to decreases in LYSO, EST, and THC, while the decrease of PHA only occurs in the early stage. On the contrary, ROS production increased significantly under low salinity and hypoxic conditions. After 3-day recovery, THC, PHA, EST, LYSO, and MN were basically restored to normal, while HM and ROS were still significantly affected by diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity change, indicating that the combined stress of diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity changes had latent effects on the immune function of C. hongkongensis. Our results highlight that diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity change may impair the health and survival of the Hong Kong oyster C. hongkongensis and may be the key factors for the mass mortality of this oyster in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemocyte Responses of the Oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis Exposed to Diel-Cycling Hypoxia and Salinity Change

et al. 2021

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“…A qualitative detection of interactions may lead to misidentification of interaction type. Our results demonstrate that using a qualitative approach to identify synergisms/antagonisms by evaluating the presence/absence of differential gene expression between single and combined stressor treatments (e.g., Cline et al., 2020; Ertl et al., 2019; Huth & Place, 2016) might both misidentify the interaction type and not capture all synergisms/antagonisms. According to the qualitative approach, the case where a gene that was differentially expressed in the combined stressor treatment compared to the 20°C‐control, but not in the two single stressor treatments, would be identified as a synergism (Table 3, category v).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Qualitative Versus Quantitative Identification Of Interactmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The interactions between two stressors at the gene expression level can therefore be grouped in the following three scenarios: (a) genes responding to both single stressors (the general stress defence response genes) are less or more differentially expressed than expected based on the IA model when co‐exposed to both stressors, (b) genes responding to only one specific single stressor in isolation become less or more differentially expressed than expected based on the IA model under co‐exposure to the second stressor, or (c) genes responding to neither of the two specific single stressors in isolation become differentially expressed under co‐exposure of both stressors or, vice versa, genes responding to one or both single stressors are not differentially expressed under co‐exposure to both stressors. The relatively few multistressor transcriptomic studies in ecotoxicology have identified synergisms/antagonisms by qualitatively evaluating the presence/absence of genes that are only expressed in the single or in the combined stressor treatments (e.g., Cline et al., 2020; Ertl et al., 2019; Huth & Place, 2016). Notably, only the third scenario is considered using this qualitative evaluation to identify synergisms/antagonisms at the gene expression level (e.g., Cline et al., 2020; Ertl et al., 2019; Huth & Place, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively few multistressor transcriptomic studies in ecotoxicology have identified synergisms/antagonisms by qualitatively evaluating the presence/absence of genes that are only expressed in the single or in the combined stressor treatments (e.g., Cline et al., 2020; Ertl et al., 2019; Huth & Place, 2016). Notably, only the third scenario is considered using this qualitative evaluation to identify synergisms/antagonisms at the gene expression level (e.g., Cline et al., 2020; Ertl et al., 2019; Huth & Place, 2016). The relative importance of these three scenarios for gene expression interactions, and hence the potential bias of using the qualitative detection method, remains unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced stress defence responses contribute to the higher toxicity of a pesticide under warming

et al. 2020

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Population genomic analysis of the commercially important shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Crustacea: Decapoda: Solenoceridae) reveals the existence of two, northern and southern, lineages with adaptive genetic differences

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et al. 2023

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Molecular effects of a variable environment on Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea glomerata: Thermal and low salinity stress, and their synergistic effect

Cited by 22 publications

References 128 publications

Hemocyte Responses of the Oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis Exposed to Diel-Cycling Hypoxia and Salinity Change

Hemocyte Responses of the Oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis Exposed to Diel-Cycling Hypoxia and Salinity Change

Reduced stress defence responses contribute to the higher toxicity of a pesticide under warming

Population genomic analysis of the commercially important shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Crustacea: Decapoda: Solenoceridae) reveals the existence of two, northern and southern, lineages with adaptive genetic differences

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