“…11 Compared with antibodies, aptamers are cheap, low transportation and storage costs, and have strong resistance to environmental interferences. Due to these advantages, aptamers have received extensive attention and are used in various elds such as antibiotics, 12 toxins, 13,14 disease diagnosis and treatment 15,16 and so on. Using these properties of aptamers, kanamycin biosensors such as gold nanoparticle, 17 silver nanoparticle 18 and graphene oxide 19 have been designed.…”