Molecular dosimetry of 2,4-difluoroaniline in humans and rats by determination of hemoglobin adducts.

Boogaard, Peter J.; Fokkema, G. N.; Beulink, G. D. J.; Bouskill, J.; Sittert, N. J. Van

doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s627

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The BLW-value was based upon the relationship between metHb and adduct formation . In both studies, 24DFA-Hb levels were below this tentative BLW-value (formerly listed as BAT-value). , …”

Section: Hb-adducts Of Arylamines and Nitroarenesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…333 In both studies, 24DFA-Hb levels were below this tentative BLW-value (formerly listed as BAT-value). 162,332 5.4.3. Hb-Adducts of Polycyclic Nitroarenes in Workers.…”

Section: Chemical Research In Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two studies with 20 and 16 workers exposed to 24DFA, the median levels of 24DFA-Hb were 10 (range 1–83) and 20 (range 4–322) pmol/g Hb, respectively. In male rats dosed for 10 consecutive days with 0.078 and 0.775 μmol/kg/day, the adduct levels were 40 and 300 pmol/g Hb, but no metHb formation was observed.…”

Section: Hb-adducts Of Arylamines and Nitroarenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemoglobin Adducts and Urinary Metabolites of Arylamines and Nitroarenes

Sabbioni

2017

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Arylamines and nitroarenes are intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, and plastics and are important environmental and occupational pollutants. N-Hydroxyarylamines are the toxic common intermediates of arylamines and nitroarenes. N-Hydroxyarylamines and their derivatives can form adducts with hemoglobin (Hb-adducts), albumin, DNA, and tissue proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Most of the arylamine Hb-adducts are labile and undergo hydrolysis in vitro, by mild acid or base, to form the arylamines. According to current knowledge of arylamine adduct-formation, the hydrolyzable fraction is derived from the reaction products of the arylnitroso derivatives that yield arylsulfinamide adducts with cysteine. Hb-adducts are markers for the bioavailability of N-hydroxyarylamines. Hb-adducts of arylamines and nitroarenes have been used for many biomonitoring studies for over 30 years. Hb-adducts reflect the exposure history of the last four months. Biomonitoring of urinary metabolites is a less invasive process than biomonitoring blood protein adducts, and urinary metabolites have served as short-lived biomarkers of exposure to these hazardous chemicals. However, in case of intermittent exposure, urinary metabolites may not be detected, and subjects may be misclassified as nonexposed. Arylamines and nitroarenes and/or their metabolites have been measured in urine, especially to monitor the exposure of workers. This review summarizes the results of human biomonitoring studies involving urinary metabolites and Hb-adducts of arylamines and nitroarenes. In addition, studies about the relationship between Hb-adducts and diseases are summarized.

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“…The BLW-value was based upon the relationship between metHb and adduct formation . In both studies, 24DFA-Hb levels were below this tentative BLW-value (formerly listed as BAT-value). , …”

Section: Hb-adducts Of Arylamines and Nitroarenesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…333 In both studies, 24DFA-Hb levels were below this tentative BLW-value (formerly listed as BAT-value). 162,332 5.4.3. Hb-Adducts of Polycyclic Nitroarenes in Workers.…”

Section: Chemical Research In Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hb-adducts Of Arylamines and Nitroarenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemoglobin Adducts and Urinary Metabolites of Arylamines and Nitroarenes

Sabbioni

2017

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Biomonitoring of the Workplace and Environment

Boogaard

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Biomonitoring is a powerful tool to assess exposure to a wide variety of substances. It is superior to many other exposure assessment methodologies since it allows assessment of the actual exposure on the individual level. For decades, biomonitoring has been applied in occupational settings to assess exposure, with the main goal of checking for compliance with occupational exposure limits and the effectiveness of hygienic measures. Increasing analytical capabilities have led to continuously decreasing limits of detection, and have hence opened up biomonitoring for environmental exposure assessment. When biomonitoring is not simply used as exposure monitoring in occupational settings, but rather to assess human health risks either in the workplace or for the general public, specific criteria must be met. These criteria cover (pre‐) analytical methodology, specificity of the biomarker, dose–response relationships, toxicokinetics (e.g. biological half‐life) and reference values or control groups. If any of these criteria cannot be met, more research is needed before a valid health risk assessment can be made. Risk assessment is a function of hazard and exposure over time. A major problem in health risk assessment is the general lack of knowledge about low‐dose‐effect relationships, which prevents a reliable health risk assessment at the low exposure levels commonly found. Toxicogenomics may provide useful data to fill these voids. In addition to scientific criteria, a number of nonscientific and ethical criteria for biomonitoring studies should be addressed, such as the feasibility, the cost/benefit balance, support by the people involved, and the possibility of intervention (e.g. individual treatment, environmental measures, behavioural changes).

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