Molecular diversity of the faecal microbiota of Toy Poodles in Japan

Omatsu, Tsutomu; Omura, Miki; Katayama, Yukie; Kimura, T.; Okumura, Mariko; Okumura, Atsushi; Murata, Yoshiteru; Mizutani, Tetsuya

doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0582

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In line with the available literature on the gut microbiota of healthy dogs (35,36), the phylum-level microbial profiles at the baseline were dominated by Firmicutes (relative abundance, mean ± SEM, 73.1 ± 4.2%), with Actinobacteria (14.2 ± 3.1%), Bacteroidetes (7.8 ± 2.2%), and Fusobacteria (3.9 ± 1.2%) as minor components (Figure 2). Lachnospiraceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were the major families of the baseline microbiota (relative abundance ≥ 10%; Figure 3A).…”

Section: Microbiota Analysissupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of Lactobacillus kefiri on Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal IgA Content of Healthy Dogs

et al. 2020

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The increasing incidence of gastrointestinal tract pathologies in dogs and the worrisome topic of antibiotic resistance have raised the need to look for new therapeutic frontiers. Of these, the use of probiotics represents a potential therapeutic alternative. Lactobacillus kefiri (Lk) is a species of Lactobacillus isolated from kefir. Previous studies have demonstrated that its administration in mice downregulates the expression of proinflammatory mediators and increases anti-inflammatory molecules in the gut immune system. It also regulates intestinal homeostasis, incrementing immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion. Since Lk has never been studied as a single probiotic in dogs, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of Lk in dogs, and its effect on IgA secretion and on intestinal microbiota composition. Ten healthy dogs without a history of gastrointestinal diseases were included. The dogs received Lk at a dose of 10 7 live microorganisms orally, once daily for 30 days. The fecal samples were tested before administration, in the middle, at the end, and 30 days after discontinuation. The IgA secretion concentration and the microbiota composition were evaluated on the fecal samples. The results in this study suggested that Lk did not influence the concentration of IgA, nor significant changes of the intestinal microbiota were observed during and after the treatment. Therefore, additional studies are needed to investigate if a higher daily dosage of Lk can influence the intestinal homeostasis of dogs.

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Section: Microbiota Analysissupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of Lactobacillus kefiri on Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal IgA Content of Healthy Dogs

et al. 2020

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“…In line with the literature available regarding the gut microbiota of healthy dogs (77,78), the fecal microbial profiles at the baseline were dominated by the phylum Firmicutes (relative abundance, mean ± SEM, 69.6 ± 8.1%), with Bacteroidetes (12.0 ± 5.2%), Actinobacteria (6.7 ± 3.1%), Proteobacteria (6.0 ± 2.4%), and Fusobacteria (5.5 ± 4.1%) as minor components. Similar proportions were observed during training, hunting, and the subsequent rest period, except for a reduction in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria after training (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon test).…”

Section: The Structure and The Variations Of The Gut Microbiota Of Husupporting

confidence: 67%

Non-invasive Assessment of Fecal Stress Biomarkers in Hunting Dogs During Exercise and at Rest

et al. 2020

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Intense exercise causes to organisms to have oxidative stress and inflammation at the gastrointestinal (GI) level. The reduction in intestinal blood flow and the exercise-linked thermal damage to the intestinal mucosa can cause intestinal barrier disruption, followed by an inflammatory response. Furthermore, the adaptation to exercise may affect the gut microbiota and the metabolome of the biofluids. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the presence of a GI derangement in hunting dogs through a non-invasive sampling as a consequence of a period of intense exercise in comparison with samples collected at rest. The study included nine dogs that underwent the same training regime for hunting wild boar. In order to counterbalance physiological variations, multiple-day replicates were collected and pooled at each experimental point for each dog. The samples were collected immediately at rest before the training (T0), after 60 days of training (T1), after 60 days of hunting wild boar (T2), and finally, at 60 days of rest after hunting (T3). A number of potential stress markers were evaluated: fecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) as a major indicator of altered physiological states, immunoglobulin A (IgA) as an indicator of intestinal immune protection, and total antioxidant activity [total antioxidant capacity (TAC)]. Since stool samples contain exfoliated cells, we investigated also the presence of some transcripts involved in GI permeability [occludin (OCLN), protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)] and in the inflammatory mechanism [interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1b, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), calprotectin (CALP), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)]. Finally, the metabolome and the microbiota profiles were analyzed. No variation in FCM and IgA content and no differences in OCLN and CALP gene expression between rest and training were observed. On the contrary, an increase in PAR-2 and HO-1 transcripts, a reduction in total antioxidant activity, and a different profile of microbiota and metabolomics data were observed. Collectively, the data in the present study indicated that physical exercise in our model could be considered a mild stressor stimulus.

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“…Dogs were classified into three study groups based on their behavioral phenotype: aggressive, phobic or normal behavior. The phylogenetic profiles of the canine GM observed in our cohort were found to be in line with those already reported in literature for healthy dogs [9,29,30], but with a slightly higher abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as well as a corresponding lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. According to our results, the aggressive group GM is characterized by a higher number of observed OTUs compared to both phobic and normal behavior groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Gut microbiome structure and adrenocortical activity in dogs with aggressive and phobic behavioral disorders

Mondo

Barone

Soverini

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27Accompanying human beings since the Paleolithic period, dogs has been recently regarded as a 28 reliable model for the study of the gut microbiome connections with health and disease. In order to 29 provide some glimpses on the connections between the gut microbiome layout and host behavior, 30 we profiled the phylogenetic composition and structure of the canine gut microbiome of dogs with 31 aggressive (n = 17), phobic (n = 15) and normal behavior (n = 17). According to our findings, 32 aggressive behavioral disorder was found to be characterized by a peculiar gut microbiome 33 structure, with high biodiversity and enrichment in generally subdominant bacterial genera. On the 34 other hand, phobic dogs were enriched in Lactobacillus, a bacterial genus with known probiotic and 35 psychobiotic properties. Although further studies are needed to validate our findings, our work 36 supports the intriguing opportunity that different behavioral phenotypes in dogs may be associated 37 with peculiar gut microbiome layouts, suggesting possible connections between the gut microbiome 38 and the central nervous system and indicating the possible adoption of probiotic interventions aimed 39 at restoring a balanced host-symbiont interplay for mitigating behavioral disorders. 40 41 42 Keywords: microbiome, behavioral disorders, aggressive dogs, phobic dogs, hormones, HPA-axis 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Descending from the gray wolf (Canis lupus), dogs were domesticated during the Paleolithic 53 period, accompanying humans across the transition from hunting-gathering to rural agriculture of 54 the Neolithic, to post-industrialized Western lifestyle [1-3]. The frequent sharing of food resources 55with human beings has been a selective force able to drive changes in the digestive and metabolic 56 system of dogs, enabling them to efficiently adapt to a more starch-enriched diet compared to their 57 wild ancestor, and ultimately influence canine behavior [4,5]. The canine gastrointestinal tract 58 harbors a complex and highly biodiverse microbial ecosystem, whose predominant taxa resemble 59 those typically found in the gut of other omnivorous mammals. However, in comparison to both 60 mice and pigs, the canine gut microbiome (GM) result the most similar to humans [6,7]. Thus, in 61 dogs, the GM-host mutualistic exchange well approximate what has been observed in humans [8-62 11]. Indeed, the peculiar patterns of dysbiosis observed in dogs with IBD are generally comparable 63 to variations typically found in humans, suggesting that bacterial responses to inflammatory 64 conditions are conserved among the two [12,13]. As observed in humans, the eubiotic and stable 65 configuration of the canine GM is therefore of fundamental importance for the maintenance of a 66 homeostatic gut environment and of the overall host health. 67Several recent studies have shown the ability of the mammalian GM to communicate with the host 68 central nervous system (CNS) through several parallel channels, involving the vagus nerve, 69 neuroimmune and ...

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Molecular diversity of the faecal microbiota of Toy Poodles in Japan

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of Lactobacillus kefiri on Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal IgA Content of Healthy Dogs

Influence of Lactobacillus kefiri on Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal IgA Content of Healthy Dogs

Non-invasive Assessment of Fecal Stress Biomarkers in Hunting Dogs During Exercise and at Rest

Gut microbiome structure and adrenocortical activity in dogs with aggressive and phobic behavioral disorders

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