Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising arable crops

Daniell, Tim J.; Husband, R.; Fitter, A. H.; Young, Ji

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00841.x

Cited by 874 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…However, the application of fertilizers and biocides, tillage and monocropping decrease the diversity of AMF and reduce potential benefits (Daniell et al, 2001;Oehl et al, 2004;Plenchette et al, 2005). Another difficulty that impedes the application of AMF on a wider scale in the field is that they cannot be cultivated axenically, which complicates the production of inocula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant enzyme activities in maize plants colonized with Piriformospora indica

et al. 2009

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The bioprotection performance of Piriformospora indica against the root parasite Fusarium verticillioides was studied. We found that maize plants first grown with F. verticillioides and at day 10 inoculated with P. indica showed improvements in biomass, and root length and number as compared with plants grown with F. verticillioides alone. To validate our finding that inoculation with P. indica suppresses colonization by F. verticillioides, we performed PCR analyses using P. indica-and F. verticillioides-specific primers. Our results showed that inoculation with P. indica suppresses further colonization by F. verticillioides. We hypothesized that as the colonization by P. indica increases, the presence of/colonization by F. verticillioides decreases. In roots, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were found to be higher in F. verticillioides-colonized plants than in noncolonized plants. Increased activity of antioxidant enzymes minimizes the chances of oxidative burst (excessive production of reactive oxygen species), and therefore F. verticillioides might be protected from the oxidative defence system during colonization. We also observed decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in plants first inoculated with F. verticillioides and at day 10 inoculated with P. indica as compared with plants inoculated with F. verticillioides alone. These decreased antioxidant enzyme activities due to the presence of P. indica help the plant to overcome the disease load of F. verticillioides. We propose that P. indica can be used as a bioprotection agent against the root parasite F. verticillioides. INTRODUCTIONMycorrhizal associations are among the most widespread, intimate and important symbioses in terrestrial ecosystems. Among these, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) represent the most ancient and widespread mycorrhizal symbiosis, and are found in a wide range of land plant species (Harrison, 1997). The successful establishment of this mutualistic association constitutes a strategy to fulfil the nutritional demands of both partners . This requires a balance between the defence responses of the host plant and the nutrient demands of the endophyte, resulting in an altered defence-related gene expression, which has been extensively studied during host colonization by obligate biotrophic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Induction of defence-related genes is most prominent during the early stages of colonization (García-Garrido & Ocampo, 2002), but can also be detected during arbuscule development (Grunwald et al., 2004).The active resistance of plants to colonization by fungi is often expressed by the hypersensitive reaction (HR) of challenged plant cells, and is characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as by induced rapid and localized death of plant tissue at the site of infection (Ingram, 1978;Tenhaken et al., 1995). At the biochemical level, the rapid generation of ROS, such as superoxide (O { 2 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), kno...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant enzyme activities in maize plants colonized with Piriformospora indica

et al. 2009

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“…AMF may either be disrupted or harnessed by aggressive invasive plant species, resulting in altered native fungal communities in the soil as the invader attains dominance in the system (van der Heijden et al 1998, Daniell et al 2001, Greipsson and DiTommaso 2006, Bastias et al 2007, Curlevski et al 2010. Mummey et al (2005) used T-RFLP and multivariate analyses to show that AMF communities associating with a common forage grass species Dactylis glomerata, naturalized in mid-western US, shifted to reflect the community composition associated with a noxious weed native to eastern Europe, Centaurea maculosa, post invasion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that AMF are functionally diverse and confer differential benefits to plants (Sanders and Fitter 1992, Bever et al 1996, Bever 2002, Klironomos 2003, responses of AMF communities to invaders would be potentially highly disadvantageous to established native species (Helgason et al 2002, Kourtev et al 2002, Greipsson and DiTommaso 2006, Hawkes et al 2006, Stinson et al 2006, and would cause shifts in native plant communities (van der Heijden et al 1998). Thus, disruptions to community plant-AMF associations in local ecosystems may support system dominance by invaders (van der Heijden et al 1998, Daniell et al 2001, Helgason et al 2002, Kourtev et al 2002, Greipsson and DiTommaso 2006, Hawkes et al 2006, Bastias et al 2007, Curlevski et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal plant-fungal symbioses form highly specialized 'nutrient-exchange' structures (vesicles and arbuscules) at the plant-fungus interface and are recognized as being a particularly beneficial group of root endophytes. Plants associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are typically more competitive and better able to tolerate environmental stresses than are non-mycorrhizal or poorly colonized plants (Biermann and Linderman 1983, Daniell et al 2001, Bianciotto and Bonfante 2002, Vandenkoornhuyse et al 2002, Bonfante 2003, Brundrett 2004, DeBellis and Widden 2006, Greipsson and DiTommaso 2006, Parniske 2008, Shah et al 2010. AMF are also known to provide protection from a variety of microbial pathogens to their host plants (Newsham et al 1994, Borowicz 2001, Klironomos 2002, Pozo and Azćon-Aguilar 2007, Van der Putten et al 2007, Appoloni et al 2008, Mogg et al 2008, Krüger et al 2009, Wehner et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario

Bongard¹,

Butler²,

Fulthorpe³

2013

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Fungal communities forming associations with plant roots have generally been described as ranging from symbiotic to parasitic. Disruptions to these associations consequently can have significant impacts on native plant communities. We examined how invasion by Vincetoxicum rossicum, a plant native to Europe, can alter both the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as the general fungal communities associating with native plant roots in both field and woodland sites in Southern Ontario. In two different sites in the Greater Toronto Area, we took advantage of invasion by V. rossicum and neighbouring uninvaded sites to investigate the fungal communities associating with local plant roots, including goldenrod (Solidago spp.), wild red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Canada anemone (Anemone canadensis), meadow rue (Thalictrum dioicum), and wild ginger (Asarum canadense). Fungi colonizing roots were characterized with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of amplified total fungal (TF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) ribosomal fragments. We saw a significant effect of the presence of this invader on the diversity of TF phylotypes colonizing native plant roots, and a composition shift of both the TF and AMF community in native roots in both sites. In native communities invaded by V. rossicum, a significant increase in richness and colonization density of TF suggests that invaders such as V. rossicum may be able to influence the composition of soil fungi available to natives, possibly via mechanisms such as increased carbon provision or antibiosis attributable to unique root exudates. ReSeARCh ARtICle Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journalCindy L. Bongard et al. / Nature Conservation 4: 55-75 (2013) 56

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“…More practical methods are needed, so that AMF can be identified directly not only in the rhizosphere, but also after host root colonization. DNA analytical methods involving electrophoretic profiles (Wyss & Bonfante 1993), sequence comparisons (Daniell et al 2001, Husband et al 2002, Mummey & Rillig 2007, Stukenbrock & Rosendahl 2005, PCR-DGGE (Souza et al 2004), species-specific primers (Gamper & Leuchtmann 2007, Geue & Hock 2004, Lanfranco et al 1995, 1999, Millner et al 1998, 2001a, 2001b, Redecker 2000, and DNA barcodes (Stockinger et al 2010) are being developed that would allow identification of individual AMF species in an ecological context. For example, species-specific PCR primers could be used to discriminate morphologically similar species or even to identify species within colonized roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Gigaspora species by PCR specific primers and phylogenetic analysis

Silva¹,

Lumini²,

Bianciotto³

et al. 2012

mycotaxon

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-Species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are usually identified by the morphological characteristics of their spores. However, considering the difficulties in diagnosing their taxa, the construction of species-specific primers has been proposed as an identification alternative. In this paper the problem of distinguishing different Gigaspora species with slight morphological differences was solved using species-specific primers and SSU and LSU rDNA sequence analyses of 18 AM fungal isolates comprising seven species. Neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood analyses were performed to evaluate the phylogenetic affiliation of the isolates, and a new reverse PCR primer (ALB1) specific for Gigaspora albida was designed and tested with 11 Gigaspora isolates (four species). The results confirmed misidentification of 'G. albida ' FL 927 and 'G. margarita' BR 444 and supported referring FL 927 to G. rosea and BR 444 to G. albida.

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Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising arable crops

Cited by 874 publications

References 38 publications

Antioxidant enzyme activities in maize plants colonized with Piriformospora indica

Antioxidant enzyme activities in maize plants colonized with Piriformospora indica

Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario

Discrimination of Gigaspora species by PCR specific primers and phylogenetic analysis

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