Molecular Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Nares of Hospital Personnel, HIV-Positive and Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Yaounde Cameroon

Abstract

Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as a risk factor for the development of staphylococcal infections caused by endogenous colonizing strains. Information on the genotypic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus is relevant for managing epidemiological and clinical challenges resulting from the evolutionary differences of this bacterium. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the molecular diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from three high-risk populations in Yaounde, Cameroon. Molecular analysis confirmed that 95% of 100 tested isolates were S. aureus. The mecA and Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukS/F-PV) were detected in 37% (35/95) and 43% (41/95) of isolates respectively and 18% (17/95) of the isolates harboured both the mecA and lukS/F-PV genes. A mixed distribution of both methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA)/PVL and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)/PVL strains were detected within the study population. Community associated MRSA accounted for 94% (33/35) of the isolates, further classified into allotypes SCCmec type IV 54% (19/35) and SCCmec type V 40% (14/35), while two isolates were hospital associated SCCmec type II strains. A majority of the isolates harboured a single aggressive gene regulator allele agr type I. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) generated 18 pulsotypes that grouped isolates irrespective of the study popu-

A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon

“…Finally, 24 studies were included in our review and met the criteria for MRSA proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon [13,. Among the included studies, there were 22 studies on human MRSA epidemiology [13,[20][21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], one study on animal epidemiology [25], two studies on food epidemiology [19,21], one study on environmental epidemiology [38].…”

“…The review covers 10 regions of Cameroon, with the Central region having the highest frequency with 11 (36.67%) publications. Of the 24 studies included, 8 were conducted in the Central Region (33.3%) [13,22,24,27,37], and Five in the Western Region (20.8%) [30,32,35,36]. The Littoral (8.3%) [20,41] and South West (8.3%) regions [21,38] were studied twice each, while one study covered the Centre, Littoral, and South West regions (4.1%) [26].…”

“…Almost all reports were hospital-based studies indicating a prevalence ranging from 1.9% among HIV/AIDS patients to 46.8% among patient with various diseases [28,39]. Healthcare workers had a prevalence of 3.1%, which surged to 45.0% when considering among S. aureus isolates [22,23]. Patients with specific diseases such as diabetes mellitus showed a prevalence of 38.9%, while those with HIV/AIDS ranged from 1.9% to 33.3% [22,28].…”

“…Healthcare workers had a prevalence of 3.1%, which surged to 45.0% when considering among S. aureus isolates [22,23]. Patients with specific diseases such as diabetes mellitus showed a prevalence of 38.9%, while those with HIV/AIDS ranged from 1.9% to 33.3% [22,28]. Patients with skin and soft tissue infections had a prevalence of 13.2% [20], and those with suppurating wounds or abscesses reported 17.3% [31].…”

“…Pregnant and non-pregnant individuals presented a rate of 41.1% [36], while mixed populations presented diverse prevalence ranging from 2.8% to 34.6% [24,26,32,38]. Out-patient settings had exhibited a rising prevalence, starting from 15.1% and peaking at 45.0% [22,32]. For inpatients, the traumatology unit showed a prevalence of 17.3% [31], while a higher prevalence of 34.6% was observed in general in-patient wards [26].…”