Molecular diversity and functional implication of amphibian interferon complex: Remarking immune adaptation in vertebrate evolution

Adeyemi, Oluwaseun D; Tian, Yun; Khwatenge, Collins N.; Grayfer, Leon; Sang, Yongming

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2022.104624

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The existence of intron and intron-less IFN genes allows for an increased diversity through the ability to create genetic variants compared to mammals. It also coincides or perhaps dictates an increased diversity in IFN receptors, regulatory factors and stimulated genes [43]. The intron and intron-less IFN genes in amphibians could serve as a model to understand IFN gene diversification.…”

Section: (C) Interferon Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unclear whether in Xenopus IFN-IV signals through a receptor complex for activation [43]. The composition of IFN genes in urodeles remains poorly understood [43].…”

Section: (C) Interferon Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast to mammals that have alpha and beta type I IFN, amphibians possess numerous genes (e.g. 42 genes in X. laevis and 51 genes in X. tropicalis ) including both intron-spanning and intron-less genes that cannot be confidently classified as alpha or beta by phylogenetic study (reviewed in [43]). Xenopus type III IFNs also comprise an expanded set of fish-like intron-containing and mammalian-like intronless genes [44].…”

Section: Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the IFN type I and type III response is distinct between tadpoles and adult frogs [49]. While X. laevis encodes for an IFN-IV gene, other Xenopus species only contain pseudogene sequences for IFN-IV [43]. The members of class II cytokine receptors, IFN-υR1 and IL-10R2, have been identified as the receptor complex of IFN-υ and are associated with IFN-υ stimulated gene expression and antiviral activity in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and X. laevis [50].…”

Section: Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The members of class II cytokine receptors, IFN-υR1 and IL-10R2, have been identified as the receptor complex of IFN-υ and are associated with IFN-υ stimulated gene expression and antiviral activity in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and X. laevis [50]. It is unclear whether in Xenopus IFN-IV signals through a receptor complex for activation [43]. The composition of IFN genes in urodeles remains poorly understood [43].…”

Section: Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The amphibian immune system

Ruiz

Robert

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Amphibians are at the forefront of bridging the evolutionary gap between mammals and more ancient, jawed vertebrates. Currently, several diseases have targeted amphibians and understanding their immune system has importance beyond their use as a research model. The immune system of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis , and that of mammals is well conserved. We know that several features of the adaptive and innate immune system are very similar for both, including the existence of B cells, T cells and innate-like T cells. In particular, the study of the immune system at early stages of development is benefitted by studying X. laevis tadpoles. The tadpoles mainly rely on innate immune mechanisms including pre-set or innate-like T cells until after metamorphosis. In this review we lay out what is known about the innate and adaptive immune system of X. laevis including the lymphoid organs as well as how other amphibian immune systems are similar or different. Furthermore, we will describe how the amphibian immune system responds to some viral, bacterial and fungal insults. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Amphibian immunity: stress, disease and ecoimmunology’.

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Section: (C) Interferon Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unclear whether in Xenopus IFN-IV signals through a receptor complex for activation [43]. The composition of IFN genes in urodeles remains poorly understood [43].…”

Section: (C) Interferon Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%