Molecular dissection of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus based on comparative transcriptome analysis

Seo, Jang‐Kyun; Kim, Mi-Kyeong; Kwak, Hae-Ryun; Choi, Hongsoo; Nam, Moon Suk; Choe, Junkyoung; Choi, Boram; Han, Soojung; Kang, Jin‐Ho; Jung, Chan-Sik

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.001

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Simultaneous treatment with SA and TYLCV, both endogenous and exogenous SA induce the expression of SlPR1 , which increases the resistance of plant and reduces the accumulation of virus. Tomato plants infected with TYLCV virus will take a certain time to present the symptom phenotype [32, 43]. It was found that the leaf curl symptoms induced by TYLCV may be associated with the extreme down-regulation of the cellulose synthase family gene to decrease cellulose level [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tomato plants infected with TYLCV virus will take a certain time to present the symptom phenotype [32, 43]. It was found that the leaf curl symptoms induced by TYLCV may be associated with the extreme down-regulation of the cellulose synthase family gene to decrease cellulose level [43]. Appropriate SA concentration could increase the cellulose content in rice [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salicylic acid-induced differential resistance to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus among resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars

Huang

et al. 2019

BMC Plant Biol

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Background: In higher plants, salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in inducing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes a highly devastating viral disease in plants, particularly in tomato. However, the roles of SA in inducing tomato plant resistance to TYLCV remain unclear. Results: In this study, we investigated whether the exogenous application of SA can improve the resistance of tomato plants to TYLCV in two tomato cultivars, resistant 'Zhefen-702' and susceptible 'Jinpeng-1'. The impacts of SA on the accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA) and biosynthetic gene expression, the activity of some important reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, and the expression patterns of stress-related genes were also determined. Results indicated that SA can effectively regulate the accumulation of AsA, especially in 'Jinpeng-1'. Similarly, the expression patterns of most of the AsA biosynthetic genes showed a negative relationship with AsA accumulation in the resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. In the two tomato cultivars, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) in the SA + TYLCV treated plants were increased during the experiment period except at 14 days (APX in 'Jinpeng-1' was also at 4 days) post infected (dpi) with TYLCV. Simultaneously, the activity of SOD was reduced in 'Jinpeng-1' and increased in 'Zhefen-702' after treatment with SA + TYLCV. SA can substantially induce the expression of ROS-scavenging genes at different extents. From 2 to 10 dpi, the virus content in the SA + TYLCV treated plants was remarkably lower than those in the TYLCV treated plants in 'Jinpeng-1'and Zhefen-702'. Conclusions:The above results suggest that SA can enhance tomato plant resistance by modulating the expression of genes encoding for ROS-scavenging players, altering the activity of resistance-related enzymes, and inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related genes to produce systemic acquired resistance. Simultaneously, these results confirm that SA is a resistance-inducing factor against TYLCV infection that can be effectively applied in tomato plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic acid-induced differential resistance to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus among resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars

Huang

et al. 2019

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Chlorosis, yellowing, leaf size reduction, malformation or senescence are ‘general’ symptoms caused by several plant viruses. These changes usually coincide with alterations in photosynthetic activity or molecular structure of the host chloroplast [34–39], but insights into molecular changes are still elusive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With tomato yellow leaf curl virus, infected S . lycopersicum plants, especially when co-infected with tomato chlorosis virus, stunting was directly correlated to CESA8 down- and CWINV2 upregulation [34]. Investigation of the DEPs in N .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences

et al. 2019

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Viruses have different strategies for infecting their hosts. Fast and acute infections result in the development of severe symptoms and may cause the death of the plant. By contrast, in a persistent interaction, the virus can survive within its host for a long time, inducing only mild symptoms. In this study, we investigated the gene expression changes induced in CymRSV-, crTMV-, and TCV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana and in PVX- and TMV-U1-infected Solanum lycopersicum plants after the systemic spread of the virus by two different high-throughput methods: microarray hybridization or RNA sequencing. Using these techniques, we were able to clearly differentiate between acute and persistent infections. We validated the gene expression changes of selected genes by Northern blot hybridization or by qRT-PCR. We show that, in contrast to persistent infections, the drastic shut-off of housekeeping genes, downregulation of photosynthesis-related transcripts and induction of stress genes are specific outcomes with acute infections. We also show that these changes are not a consequence of host necrosis or the presence of a viral silencing suppressor. Thermal imaging data and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements correlated very well with the molecular changes. We believe that the molecular and physiological changes detected during acute infections mostly contribute to virus symptom development. The observed characteristic physiological changes associated with economically more dangerous acute infections could serve as a basis for the elaboration of remote monitoring systems suitable for detecting developing virus infections in crops. Moreover, as molecular and physiological changes are characteristics of different types of virus lifestyles, this knowledge can support risk assessments of recently described novel viruses.

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“…Some of the key research issues on which emphasis should be placed are listed below: The real molecular and biological diversity of ToCV should be revealed by sequencing and generation of infectious clones of isolates from plant hosts other than tomato. The molecular mechanisms underlying symptom development in plants infected by ToCV, an issue only barely studied (e.g. Seo et al , ), should receive further attention in order to understand how the disease initiates and progresses in the plant after horizontal transmission by whiteflies. Almost nothing is known about the molecular determinants of whitefly transmissibility of ToCV, especially on the insect side, and this can be extended to other criniviruses and semipersistently transmitted plant viruses in general. Identification of virus receptors in the whitefly will be a key step to clarify the mechanism of transmission and to design strategies to disrupt disease spread. Establishing correlations between climatic variables and distribution of whiteflies of the B. tabaci complex [especially those shown to efficiently transmit ToCV: MED (formerly Q biotype), MEAM1 (formerly B biotype) and NW (formerly A biotype)], T. vaporariorum and T. abutilonea will help to predict areas where ToCV is likely to emerge.…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato chlorosis virus, an emergent plant virus still expanding its geographical and host ranges

Fiallo‐Olivé

Navas‐Castillo

2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) causes an important disease that primarily affects tomato, although it has been found infecting other economically important vegetable crops and a wide range of wild plants. First described in Florida (USA) and associated with a ‘yellow leaf disorder’ in the mid‐1990s, ToCV has been found in 35 countries and territories to date, constituting a paradigmatic example of an emergent plant pathogen. ToCV is transmitted semipersistently by whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) belonging to the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes . Whitefly transmission is highly efficient and cases of 100% infection are frequently observed in the field. To date, no resistant or tolerant tomato plants are commercially available and the control of the disease relies primarily on the control of the insect vector. Taxonomy Tomato chlorosis virus is one of the 14 accepted species in the genus Crinivirus , one of the four genera in the family Closteroviridae of plant viruses. Virion and genome properties The genome of ToCV is composed of two molecules of single‐stranded positive‐sense RNA, named RNA1 and RNA2, separately encapsidated in long, flexuous, rod‐like virions. As has been shown for other closterovirids, ToCV virions are believed to have a bipolar structure. RNA1 contains four open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins associated with virus replication and suppression of gene silencing, whereas RNA2 contains nine ORFs encoding proteins putatively involved in encapsidation, cell‐to‐cell movement, gene silencing suppression and whitefly transmission. Host range In addition to tomato, ToCV has been found to infect 84 dicot plant species belonging to 25 botanical families, including economically important crops. Transmission Like all species within the genus Crinivirus , ToCV is semipersistently transmitted by whiteflies, being one of only two criniviruses transmitted by members of the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes . Disease symptoms Tomato ‘yellow leaf disorder’ syndrome includes interveinal yellowing and thickening of leaves. Symptoms first develop on lower leaves and then advance towards the upper part of the plant. Bronzing and necrosis of the older leaves are accompanied by a decline in vigour and reduction in fruit yield. In other hosts the most common symptoms include interveinal chlorosis and mild yellowing on older leaves. Control Control of the disease caused by ToCV is based on the use of healthy seedlings for transplanting, limiting accessibility of alternate host plants that can serve as virus reservoirs and the spraying of insecticides for vector control. Although several wild tomato species have been sh...

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Molecular dissection of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus based on comparative transcriptome analysis

Cited by 50 publications

References 89 publications

Salicylic acid-induced differential resistance to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus among resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars

Salicylic acid-induced differential resistance to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus among resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars

Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences

Tomato chlorosis virus, an emergent plant virus still expanding its geographical and host ranges

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