Molecular differentiation of neurons from ependyma-derived cells in tissue cultures of regenerating teleost spinal cord

Mj, Anderson; Sg, Waxman; Lee, YL; Lf, Eng

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(87)80006-9

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…More rostrally, additional layers of cells surround the central canal. In this region, the cells differentiate into neurons and glia, as suggested by both ultrastructural [Anderson et al, 1983] and immunohistochemical [Anderson et al, 1987[Anderson et al, , 1994 studies. The regenerated electromotor neurons exhibit a morphology resembling that of electromotor neurons in non-regenerated parts of the spinal cord [Anderson and Waxman, 1981].…”

Section: Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 87%

Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System of Teleost Fish

Zupanc

2001

Brain Behav Evol

182

153

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In contrast to mammals, teleost fish exhibit an enormous potential to produce new neurons in the adult central nervous system and to replace damaged neurons by newly generated ones. In the gymnotiform fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, on average, 100,000 cells, corresponding to roughly 0.2% of the total population of cells in the adult brain, are in S-phase within any 2-h period. As in all other teleosts examined thus far, many of these cells are produced in specific proliferation zones located at or near the surface of ventricular, paraventricular, and cisternal systems, or in areas that are likely derived from proliferation zones located at ventricular surfaces during embryonic development. The majority of cells born in such proliferation zones migrate within the first few weeks following their generation to specific target areas. In the cerebellum, where approximately 75% of all brain cells are born during adulthood, cells originate from the molecular layers of the corpus cerebelli and the valvula cerebelli partes lateralis and medialis, as well as from the eminentia granularis pars medialis. From these proliferation zones, the young cells migrate to the associated granule cell layers or to the eminentia granularis pars posterior, respectively. In the course of their migration, the young cells appear to be guided by radial glial fibers. Upon arrival at their target region, approximately 50% of the young cerebellar cells undergo apoptosis. The remaining cells survive for the rest of the fish’s life, thus contributing to permanent brain growth. At least some cells differentiate into granule cell neurons. The potential to produce new neurons, together with the ability to guide the young cells to their target areas by radial glial fibers and to eliminate damaged cells through apoptosis, also forms the basis for the enormous regenerative capability of the central nervous system of Apteronotus, as demonstrated in the cerebellum and spinal cord. A factor involved in the cerebellar regeneration appears to be somatostatin, as the expression of this neuropeptide is up-regulated in a specific spatio-temporal fashion following mechanical lesions. Besides its involvement in neuronal regeneration adult neurogenesis in Apteronotus, and possibly teleost fish in general, appears to play a role in providing central neurons to match the growing number of sensory and motor elements in the periphery, and to establish the neural substrate to accommodate behavioral plasticity.

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Section: Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 87%

Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System of Teleost Fish

Zupanc

2001

Brain Behav Evol

182

153

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“…These findings stand in stark contrast with early studies in the closely related knifefish A. albifrons , which had suggested ependymal cells as the sole source of neural progenitors. Ex vivo experiments using cultured explants or cell culture indicated that ependymocytes derived from the adult spinal cord of this species can differentiate into cells that exhibit morphological characteristics of neurons and/or express a neuron‐specific marker (Anderson and Waxman, ; Anderson et al, , , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive neurogenesis supported by multiple stem cell populations mediates adult spinal cord development: A spatiotemporal statistical mapping analysis in a teleost model of indeterminate growth

Sîrbulescu

Ilieş

Meyer

et al. 2017

Developmental Neurobiology

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The knifefish Apteronotus leptorhynchus exhibits indeterminate growth throughout adulthood. This phenomenon extends to the spinal cord, presumably through the continuous addition of new neurons and glial cells. However, little is known about the developmental dynamics of cells added during adult growth. The present work characterizes the structural and functional development of the adult spinal cord in this model organism through a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of new cells at various developmental stages. This analysis, based on a novel statistical mapping approach, revealed within the adult spinal cord a wide distribution of both mitotically active and quiescent Sox2-expressing stem/progenitor cells (SPCs). While such cells are particularly concentrated within the ependymal layer near the central canal, the majority of them reside in the parenchyma, resembling the distribution of SPCs observed in the mammalian spinal cord. The active SPCs in the adult knifefish spinal cord give rise to transit amplifying progenitor cells that undergo a few additional mitotic divisions before developing into Hu C/D+ neurons and S100+ glial cells. There is no evidence of long-distance migration of the newborn cells. The persistence of cell proliferation and differentiation, combined with low levels of apoptosis, leads to a continuous addition of cells to the existing tissue. Newly generated neurons have functional and behavioral relevance, as indicated by the integration of axons of new electromotor neurons into the electric organ of these weakly electric fish. This results in a gradual increase in the amplitude of the electric organ discharge during adult development. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1269-1307, 2017.

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“…Recently, a difference in the clonal origin of trunk and tail myotomes has been suggested in the zebrafish (Kimmel & Warga, 1987) and it may be attractive to suppose that a different origin may influence developmental patterns. Furthermore, observations on the caudalmost regenerating fish spinal cord of Apteronotus albifrons, in culture, provide evidence that the neurons from this region maintain a good proliferative potentiality because they represent the progenitor cells which eventually divide and multiply in vivo during regeneration processes (Anderson et al, 1987).…”

Section: V Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A morphometric analysis of the spinal motor pool in relation to its target muscle during growth in the trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Alfei¹,

Bertoncello

Gelosi³

et al. 1989

Journal of Fish Biology

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The relation between number and size of spinal motoneurons and the dimension of myotomal muscle has been investigated in trout at different stages of embryonic, larval and postlarval development (body length 1-15 cm). Three spinal segments have been analysed (cervical, trunk and caudal) and the following parameters were determined by means of a Micromeasurements Image Analyzer: (a) mean cross-sectional myotomal area; (b) mean soma size of principal (or dorsomedian, DM) and secondary (or ventrolateral, VL) motoneurons; (c) DM and VL motoneuron density per segment. Myotomal muscle and motor pool growth was evaluated by percent increments of a, b and c parameters at each stage. Their relationships were defined by equations of computed regression lines.The analysis provided evidence that: (1) a continuous exponential growth of mean myotomal area takes place in the three segments, with the same trend and with the lowest values in the caudal segment; (2) DM and VL motoneuron size and density per segment also increase during development, with the least value in the caudal segment, VL parameters being of lesser value than DM; (3) motoneuron pool and its target myotomal muscle parameters bear a linear relationship as defined by equations of computer regression lines; (4) motoneuron number percent increment at early eleutherembryonic stage precedes myotomal area increment which takes place during late eleutherembryonic stage.It is apparent that spinal motor pool and target myotomal muscle grow at the same rate in the trout during the considered stages. The discussion links this fact with the hypothesis ofa neuronal influence on muscle fibre type differentiation.

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Molecular differentiation of neurons from ependyma-derived cells in tissue cultures of regenerating teleost spinal cord

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System of Teleost Fish

Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System of Teleost Fish

Additive neurogenesis supported by multiple stem cell populations mediates adult spinal cord development: A spatiotemporal statistical mapping analysis in a teleost model of indeterminate growth

A morphometric analysis of the spinal motor pool in relation to its target muscle during growth in the trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

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