Molecular diagnostics in South Africa and challenges in the establishment of a molecular laboratory in developing countries

Singh-Moodley, Ashika; Ismail, Husna; Perovic, Olga

doi:10.3855/jidc.11779

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The late presence of antibodies is also the reason why POC-Ab is not recommended by the WHO for patient care as a diagnostic tool since it showed a reactive result when the opportunity for clinical intervention already passed [8]. Italian study of 50 patients in a tertiary hospital found an even lower sensitivity (18.4%) and NPV (26.2%), although the specificity (91.7%) and PPV (87.5%) were similar to our study [9]. However, older age (mean age 61-year-old) may cause lower antibodies detected in their study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The performance of point-of-care antibody test for COVID-19 diagnosis in a tertiary hospital in Bandung, Indonesia

Fauziah

Koesoemadinata

Andriyoko

et al. 2021

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: We aim to describe the performance of combined IgM and IgG point-of-care antibody test (POC-Ab) (Wondfo®) compared to real-time reverse transcriptase (rRT-PCR) (Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay) in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methodology: We compared POC-Ab with rRT-PCR results among patients in a tertiary hospital from January to March 2020 in Bandung, Indonesia. We selected presumptive COVID-19 patients with positive rRT-PCR consecutively and 20 patients with negative rRT-PCR results were selected randomly from the same group of patients as controls. We described the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) with corresponding 95% confidence interval using serum and capillary blood samples. We also tested POC-Ab using non-COVID-19 (confirmed dengue and typhoid) patients’ sera. Results: Twenty-seven patients with positive rRT-PCR result and 20 negative controls were included (68.1% males, mean age 46 (SD: 15.4)). Using the serum, the sensitivity of the POC-Ab was 63.0% (42.4-80.6), specificity was 95.0% (75.1-99.9), PPV was 94.4% (72.7-99.8), NPV was 65.5% (45.7-82.1). A subset of 20 patients was tested using a capillary blood sample. The accuracy of the capillary blood sample is lower compared to serum (50.0% vs. 78.7%). None of the non-COVID-19 sera tested were reactive. Conclusions: POC-Ab for COVID-19 has a high specificity with no false-positive result in non-COVID-19 sera. Therefore, it can be used to guide diagnostic among symptomatic patients in resource limited settings. Given its low sensitivity, patients with high suspicion of COVID-19 but non-reactive result should be prioritized for rRT-PCR testing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The performance of point-of-care antibody test for COVID-19 diagnosis in a tertiary hospital in Bandung, Indonesia

Fauziah

Koesoemadinata

Andriyoko

et al. 2021

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Due to the few medical mycology laboratories in the continent, the accurate distribution of the disease in Africa has not been clearly mapped [ 18 , 19 ]. There are still challenges in the establishment of a diagnostics molecular microbiology laboratory in developing countries, especially in Africa [ 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of fungal diseases in Africa: A review of diagnostic drivers

Bongomin¹,

Fayemiwo²

2021

CMM

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Background and Purpose: There has been a significant increase in the burden of fungal diseases in the last few decades which has imposed a global threat to the health of humans, animals, and plants. Epidemiology of fungal diseases is not completely understood in Africa. Most of these diseases are under-reported or not reported at all mainly due to the challenges related to the availability of and access to fungal diagnostics and the lack of human resources in clinical and diagnostic mycology across the continent. Therefore, it is imperative to highlight the epidemiology of the endemic and epidemic of emerging and re-emerging fungal diseases as well as their diagnostic challenges in Africa based on the available data. Moreover, it is important to underline the existing gaps in this regard as well. Materials and Methods: For the purposes of the study, Medline and Google Scholar were searched to retrieve articles on these prominent fungal diseases, as well as their etiologies and available diagnostics. Results: It was found that histoplasmosis and other AIDS-associated mycoses have been reported in Africa, including blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Other reported infections were fungal neglected tropical diseases, especially sporotrichosis, dermatophytosis, mycetoma, and chromoblastomycosis as well as emerging fungal diseases, such as Emergomyces africanus, Candida auris, and Blastomyces emzantsi. In Africa, the major drivers of fungal diseases include human immunodeficiency infection, tuberculosis, and poverty. Conclusion: Serious fungal diseases are common in Africa; however, the true burden remains unknown.

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“…The most commonly cited available technology was molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples identification. Despite molecular biology being not a new technique, its use for prevention and control of HAI is not easy to be implemented in all healthcare facilities (Sader, 1995, Singh-Mooddley 2020). Even with this difficulty, almost two thirds of IPC reported availability to this technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability and utilization of new technologies for prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections

Verissimo

Silva

2023

Preprint

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Background and Aim: Recently new technologies have emerged to improve prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections. Our aim is to verify availability and use of new technologies for infection controllers. Methods: We conducted a survey in infection controllers from the whole state of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, by invitation of a social media group, in August 2022. Nine different technologies were evaluated about availability and use. Categoricals and continuous variables were evaluated by the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. A value of p less than .05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: One hundred-eight persons answered the questionnaire. The mean age was 42.8 years (24-64 years) and 53/108 (49.1%) reported most workload in public hospitals, 45/108 (41.7%) in private hospitals and 10/108 (9.2%) reported the same workload in public and private hospitals. Out of 108, 63% reported teaching activities in his institutions. There was no correlation between the existence of teaching activities and hospital profile (p=0.42). The most common new technology available was molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples research for 73/108 (67.6%) participants. The second new technology available was APP for HAI prevention and control for 33/108 (30.6%), 19/108 (17.6%) reported availability of none technology. Conclusion: Molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples research was the most common technology available for infection controllers of an important state of Brazil. Key-words: cross infection, hospital infection control program, technology

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Molecular diagnostics in South Africa and challenges in the establishment of a molecular laboratory in developing countries

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

The performance of point-of-care antibody test for COVID-19 diagnosis in a tertiary hospital in Bandung, Indonesia

The performance of point-of-care antibody test for COVID-19 diagnosis in a tertiary hospital in Bandung, Indonesia

Epidemiology of fungal diseases in Africa: A review of diagnostic drivers

Availability and utilization of new technologies for prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections

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