Molecular diagnostics for gastrointestinal helminths in equids: Past, present and future

Ghafar, Abdul; Abbas, Ghazanfar; Beasley, Anne; Bauquier, Jenni; Wilkes, Edwina; Jacobson, Caroline; McConnell, Emma; El-Hage, Charles; Carrigan, Peter; Cudmore, Lucy; Tennent‐Brown, Brett; Hurley, John; Nielsen, Martin K.; Gauci, Charles G.; Beveridge, Ian; Hughes, Kristopher; Jabbar, Abdul

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109851

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…It involves assigning sequences to a reference taxonomy containing sequences from known members of a reference dataset, and avoids overclassification of sequences from organisms which may not be present in the reference set (Murali et al , 2018). A database of ITS2 rDNA sequences from both parasitic and free-living nematodes is publicly available, (Workentine et al , 2020) and is now widely used in “nemabiome” studies in order to characterise a mixed population of parasitic nematodes within a single host, or host population, including in horses (Ghafar et al , 2022; Halvarsson et al , 2023; Poissant et al , 2021; Sargison et al , 2022) following high-throughput parallel sequencing and metabarcoding. However, the same bioinformatics pipeline using DADA 2 can be used to assign taxonomy to data obtained by conventional Sanger sequencing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…coronatus and Cyc. calicatus, pointing to the need for a different locus for further molecular work, such as COX1, or a multi-locus approach (Courtot et al ., 2023; Ghafar et al ., 2022).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyathostomins are a group of parasitic helminths that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. They are obligate parasites which are ubiquitous in equids and of significant pathogenic concern (Boxell et al ., 2004; Ghafar et al ., 2022; Hinney et al ., 2011; Love et al ., 1999; Morariu et al ., 2016; Steinbach et al ., 2006). Currently, there are over 50 recognised species with 40 recorded as infecting horses and mixed infections are the norm (Lichtenfels et al ., 2008; Lyons et al ., 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first (Kinsella, 2002), used morphological speciation and the second (Elghryani, 2018) used reverse line blots of the intergenic spacer gene region. Elsewhere, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) primers as described by (Gasser et al ., 1993), have been used for molecular diagnostics of equine nematode infections, reviewed by (Ghafar et al ., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Species Determination of Cyathostomins from Horses in Ireland

Byrne,

Gangotia,

Crowley

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cyathostomins are globally important equine parasites, responsible for both chronic and acute pathogenic effects. The occurrence of mixed infections with numerous cyathostomin species hinders our understanding of parasite epidemiology, host-parasite dynamics and species pathogenicity. There have been few studies of cyathostomin species occurring in horses in Ireland, where temperate climatic conditions with year-round rainfall provides suitable conditions for infection of grazing animals with bursate nematodes. Here, we amplified and sequenced the ITS-2 region of adult worms harvested at post-mortem from 11 adult horses between August 2018 and June 2020, and recorded species prevalence and abundance of worms recovered from the caecum, right ventral colon and left dorsal colon. Seasonal distribution, phylogenetic relationships and community composition were also recorded and compared with other relevant studies, including a global meta-analysis. Overall, our results agree with previous research, in that there does not seem to be a major difference in cyathostomin species occurrence in equids in different geographical regions. We confirmed the results of other studies in relation to the difficulties in discriminating betweenCylicostephanus calicatusandCor. coronatuson the basis of ITS-2 sequences. We found a positive correlation between the occurrence ofCyathostomum pateratumandCyc. calicatus(p < 0.01).Cor. coronatus, the most abundant species, was only recovered from horses sampled in autumn. Although this study is limited in terms of sample size, it provides a platform for furthering understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of equine cyathostomin infections in temperate climates.Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…coronatus and Cyc. calicatus, pointing to the need for a different locus for further molecular work, such as COX1, or a multi-locus approach (Courtot et al ., 2023; Ghafar et al ., 2022).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Molecular Species Determination of Cyathostomins from Horses in Ireland

Byrne,

Gangotia,

Crowley

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The primary selection in RAPD analysis affects the resulting band polymorphism 26 . Each primer has its attachment site, resulting in the polymorphic DNA bands produced by each primer becoming different, both in the size of the number of base pairs and the number of DNA bands 17, 25 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) from Various Regions of Origin in Java, Indonesia

Susilo

2023

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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The genetic improvement of a plant to produce high-yielding varieties depends on genetic variability. It is widely known that the mangosteen plant (Garcinia mangostana L.) does not have genetic variability because it has an apomictic reproductive mechanism. Analysis of genetic diversity can be carried out by analysis of similarities and clusters between accessions of plants or with their close relatives of the Garcinia genus. This research was carried out to analyze the genetic diversity of 50 mangosteen accessions at mangosteen production centers in four provinces in Java, Indonesia (Banten, West Java, Central Java, and East Java provinces) using RAPD-based primers. RAPD-based amplification revealed a total of 30 amplicons, 28 as polymorphic and two as monomorphic, with an average percentage of polymorphism of 72.22%. The results of PCR-RAPD visualization produce bands measuring 300 bp - 1500 bp. The dendrogram shows the grouping of all types of G. mangostana L. in general. The primer used can amplify the samples properly. Genetic variation occurs with coefficient values ranging from 25% to 100%. This study also explains the pattern of the spread of G. mangostana L. in Java for the first time. These results can be used as a reference for conserving G. mangostana L. and future breeding.

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