Molecular diagnosis with the corresponding clinical symptoms of canine distemper virus infection in javan leopard (Panthera pardus ssp. melas)

Rahman, Dede Aulia; Saepuloh, Uus; Santosa, Yanto; Darusman, Huda Shalahudin; Pinondang, Irene Margareth Romaria; Kindangen, Andy Sean; Pertiwi, Amira Putri; Sari, Lana; Irawan, Andi; Sultan, Keni; Rianti, Puji

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11341

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For conservation managers, evaluating the degree of disease threat must address both the likelihood of pathogen introduction into an endangered population and its potential impact on population viability [ 29 ]. Many endangered populations are small, isolated, and vulnerable to stochastic processes such as outbreaks of infectious diseases [ 30 ]. Highly pathogenic infections, such as CDV, pose an immediate extinction risk to small- and medium-sized populations [ 31 ].…”

Section: Threat To Endangered Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CDV also caused high mortality in the Ngorongoro Crater lion population in 2001 [ 9 ]. CDV is a current threat to the Amur leopard ( Panthera pardus orientalis ) [ 26 ], the Javan leopard ( Panthera pardus melas ) [ 30 ], the Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) [ 25 ], and the Asiatic lion ( Panthera leo persica ) [ 37 ], all of which are endangered subspecies.…”

Section: Threat To Endangered Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Distemper Virus in Endangered Species: Species Jump, Clinical Variations, and Vaccination

Wilkes

2022

Pathogens

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Canine morbillivirus (Canine distemper virus, CDV) is the cause of distemper in a large number of different species, some of which are endangered. The clinical outcome associated with infection is variable and based on many factors, including the host species, the immune response of the individual animal to the infection, and variation in virus tropism and virulence. Unfortunately, the viral characteristics associated with virulence versus attenuation are not fully characterized, nor are the specific mutations that allow this virus to easily move and adapt from one species to another. Due to its wide host range, this virus is difficult to manage in ecosystems that are home to endangered species. Vaccination of the domestic dog, historically considered the reservoir species for this virus, at dog-wildlife interfaces has failed to control virus spread. CDV appears to be maintained by a metareservoir rather than a single species, requiring the need to vaccinate the wildlife species at risk. This is controversial, and there is a lack of a safe, effective vaccine for nondomestic species. This review focuses on topics that are paramount to protecting endangered species from a stochastic event, such as a CDV outbreak, that could lead to extinction.

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Section: Threat To Endangered Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Threat To Endangered Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Distemper Virus in Endangered Species: Species Jump, Clinical Variations, and Vaccination

Wilkes

2022

Pathogens

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“…Distemper was first identified as a risk to wild tigers in Russia, where it was found that the presence of CDV could increase the 50-year extinction probability of small populations of Amur tigers (P. tigris altaica ) by 65% [ 11 ]. Since then, the virus has been detected in free-ranging tigers and leopards in Indonesia and India [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Characteristic signs in wild felids have been associated with progressive neurological disease, typically terminating in seizures and death [ 13 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, the virus has been detected in free-ranging tigers and leopards in Indonesia and India [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Characteristic signs in wild felids have been associated with progressive neurological disease, typically terminating in seizures and death [ 13 , 15 , 16 ]. Between 2020 and 2022, at least six Indian leopards (P. pardus fusca ) presented to wildlife authorities in Nepal and died with symptoms consistent with CDV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following an initial detection in 2003, CDV has been diagnosed in a further four wild tigers and an Amur leopard (P. pardus orientalis ) in the Russian Far East [ 15 , 16 , 27 , 33 ]. Elsewhere, CDV infections have been confirmed in free-ranging tigers and leopards in Indonesia and India [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Most cases presented with neurological signs including disorientation and a lack of fear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Distemper Virus in Tigers (Panthera tigris) and Leopards (P. pardus) in Nepal

et al. 2023

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From wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti to tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in the Russian Far East, canine distemper virus (CDV) has been repeatedly identified as a threat to wild carnivores. Between 2020 and 2022, six Indian leopards (P. pardus fusca) presented to Nepali authorities with fatal neurological disease, consistent with CDV. Here, we report the findings of a serosurvey of wild felids from Nepal. A total of 48 serum samples were tested, comprising 28 Bengal tigers (P. t. tigris) and 20 Indian leopards. Neutralizing antibodies were identified in three tigers and six leopards, equating to seroprevalences of 11% (CI: 2.8–29.3%, n = 28) and 30% (CI: 12.8–54.3%, n = 20), respectively. More than one-third of seropositive animals were symptomatic, and three died within a week of being sampled. The predation of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) has been posited as a potential route of infection. A comparison of existing diet studies revealed that while leopards in Nepal frequently predate on dogs, tigers do not, potentially supporting this hypothesis. However, further work, including molecular analyses, would be needed to confirm this.

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Gene Diversity of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I of the Far Eastern Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)

Tarasyan,

Sorokin,

Kholodova

et al. 2023

Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci

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Molecular diagnosis with the corresponding clinical symptoms of canine distemper virus infection in javan leopard (Panthera pardus ssp. melas)

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Canine Distemper Virus in Endangered Species: Species Jump, Clinical Variations, and Vaccination

Canine Distemper Virus in Endangered Species: Species Jump, Clinical Variations, and Vaccination

Canine Distemper Virus in Tigers (Panthera tigris) and Leopards (P. pardus) in Nepal

Gene Diversity of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I of the Far Eastern Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)

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