Molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of human papillomavirus type-16 from suspected patients in Pakistan

Abstract

BackgroundHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) is well known pathogen that can cause benign and malignant tumors in humans, yet there is very little information regarding HPV types prevalent in Pakistan.MethodsA total of 92 cervical secretions were collected from suspected married female patients and used for DNA isolation using a novel isolation method. The samples were tested through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using already reported primers MY09/MY11, GP5/GP6, GP5+/GP6+, CP65/CP70, CP66/CP69 and SPF1/SPF2 and with those developed in this study including HRT1 and HRT2 primer sets for typing HPV types and HACTB primer set for human beta actin gene as internal positive control. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed for two isolates to determine circulating HPV types.ResultsPCR with HRT1 and HRT2 indicated 2 (2.17 %) patients were positive for HPV type- 16 while 1 (1.08 %) with HPV type 18. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of isolates confirmed HPV type-16 in genus alpha 9 which have 99 % homology with already reported HPV from Japan and Costa Rica.ConclusionThis is the first report of HPV type-16 genus alpha 9 in Pakistan and the reported assay and sequence data will serve as valuable tools in further epidemiological studies for HPV surveillance to improve public health, especially of females in Pakistan.

Accuracy of self-collected vaginal dry swabs using the Xpert human papillomavirus assay

“…Finally, the Xpert HPV assay was not always used as a point of care test, since there was a significant delay between sample collection and HPV analysis, which resulted in number of invalid results among s-DRY samples. This is consistent with a previous study performed in field conditions in Madagascar, where dry swabs stored at room temperature were used [ 20 ].…”

Variability of high risk HPV genotypes among HIV infected women in Mwanza, Tanzania- the need for evaluation of current vaccine effectiveness in developing countries

“…In HIV infected women the risk of acquiring HPV is even higher due to immune suppression caused by HIV infection which has the same epidemiological pattern as HPV in sub-Saharan Africa [ 5 , 6 ]. In most of these cases infection with multiple genotypes has been found to predominate [ 5 , 7 – 13 ].…”

Investigating a novel split‐filter dual‐energy CT technique for improving pancreas tumor visibility for radiation therapy

“…Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth‐leading cause of cancer death in the United States 8, 18. Although surgery is the only established curative treatment option, 80% of patients with pancreatic cancer are not surgical candidates.…”

“…Recent work has shown that dose escalation can increase survival for pancreatic patients, further increasing the need to clearly visualize and accurately delineate the tumor for treatment planning 7, 17. Fortunately, recent efforts have been dedicated to using dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) as an optimal CT modality to increase the detectability of pancreatic tumors 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16…”

“…Several studies have been published that investigate the use of DECT techniques for improving pancreas tumor contrast. In these studies, DECT offered improvements in tumor conspicuity and delineation compared to conventional 120 kVp CT 1, 4, 8, 10, 16…”